Graphene (1.0 mg/mL) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China), and TPP (purity > 98%) was obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer Co., Ltd. The shape and size of Graphene were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM, Veeco Multimode 8+bioscope catalyst, USA). The size and charge distribution were analyzed at 0 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and the zeta potentials analyzer (Malvern, Zetasizer Nano Sizer, Nano-2S90, U.K.), respectively. Raman spectra were confirmed by a DXR Raman spectrophotometer (Thermal Fisher, USA) with a 633 nm laser source. Graphene was dispersed in the natural salt water (32‰ salinity), at room temperature (18 ± 1 °C) prior to the above characterization. To reduce the aggregation of Graphene during the preparation, the Graphene suspension was sonicated at 100 W (Shumei, KQ-5200DE, China) for 15 min [11] (link).
Dxr raman spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States
The DXR Raman spectrophotometer is a versatile analytical instrument designed to perform Raman spectroscopy. It is capable of identifying and characterizing a wide range of materials by analyzing their molecular composition and structure.
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3 protocols using dxr raman spectrophotometer
1
Characterization of Graphene in Saline
2
Raman Imaging of Conjugate Uptake
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The MDA-MB-231 cells were utilized for the Raman imaging studies. In brief, cells seeded on glass slides were incubated overnight and then treated with either the bio-reducible Conj-1 or the non-reducible Conj-2 at an equal concentration (100 nM) at 37 °C for 2 h. Cells were then washed twice with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde solution for 30 min at room temperature. Cell localization of these conjugates was analyzed by the intensity of the Raman laser light using the DXR Raman Spectrophotometer (Thermal Scientific, USA) in the presence of water. The excitation laser wavelength used was 532 nm, where the laser intensity was set at 2 mW. Laser light filtered by a plasma filter was focused onto the samples with a 50x objective (numerical aperture, N.A. = 0.9). A line map scan was performed along a single cell using a step size of 100 nm. Statistical averages were obtained from at least 5 images, with the exposure time being set at 10 second for each image. Spectra were acquired in the range from 700 to 1800 cm-1, and images were presented pertaining to the FITC band at 1172 cm-1.
3
Graphene Nanomaterial Characterization
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TPP was purchased from J&K Chemical Co., Ltd. Graphene nanomaterial was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). The size and shape of graphene were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM, Veeco Multimode 8 + bioscope catalyst, USA). The dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a ZetaPALS instrument (Malvern, Zeta sizer Nano Sizer, Nano-2S90, U.K.) was used to detect the size and charge distribution of graphene. Graphene stock dispersion (200 μL) was initially freeze-dried into graphene powders, which were then evaluated using a DXR Raman spectrophotometer (Thermal Fisher, USA) with a 633 nm laser source.
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