Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+; #D048), 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridine (MPTP; #M0896) and levodopa (#D9628) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). An ABC reagent Box (Vector PK-6101 Rabbit IgG) and Golgi staining kit (PK401) were obtained from FD NeuroTechnologes (Columbia, MD, USA). P-tau (Ser396; #ab109390) and t-tau (#ab32057) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA), while GSK-3β (#12456) and phosphorylated GSK-3β (p-GSK-3β, ser9, #9323) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was obtained from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). Immoblilon PVDF membranes (#ISEQ00010) and Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP Substrate (#WBKLS0100) were purchased from Merck Co. (Darmstadt, Germany).
SPF grade C57BL/6 mice, male 6–7 weeks, weight 22–27 g, were purchased from Guangdong Experimental Animal Center, license number: SYXK (Yue) 2016–0167, then free drinking water, feeding to 10–11 weeks. All of the experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China).
SPF grade C57BL/6 mice, male 6–7 weeks, weight 22–27 g, were purchased from Guangdong Experimental Animal Center, license number: SYXK (Yue) 2016–0167, then free drinking water, feeding to 10–11 weeks. All of the experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Southern Medical University (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China).