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4 protocols using selenium se

1

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Materials

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Cadmium acetate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), myristic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), selenium (Se, Sigma-Aldrich,
99.99%), tellurium (Te, SigmaAldrich, 99.99%), copper chloride dihydrate
(ACS reagent, 99.8%), zinc acetate trihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), sodium borohydride
(NaBH4, Sigma-Aldrich, 96%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, Sigma-Aldrich,
technical grade, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, Sigma-Aldrich, technical
grade, 90%), oleylamine (technical grade, 70%), sulfur (S, Sigma-Aldrich,
<99.5%), oleic acid (technical grade, Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), cadmium
oxide (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), and lead oxide (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%).
Hexane (AR grade, 99%), 1,4-butanediol (90%, AR), dextrose (95% anhydrous,
AR), HCl (99%), and HNO3 (98%) were purchased from SD Fine
Chemicals. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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2

Quantum Dot Synthesis and Functionalization

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For QD synthesis, 99.95% Cadmium Oxide (CdO, Alfa Aesar), 99.99% Zinc Acetate (ZnAc, Sigma-Aldrich), and 99.99% Indium Acetate (InAc, ACROS Organics) were used for making cation precursors while 99.99% Selenium (Se, pellets, Sigma-Aldrich) and 99.5% Sulfur (S, ACROS Organics) were used for anion precursors. Octadecence (Tech, 90% ODE, Sigma-Aldrich), oleic acid (Tech, 90% OA, Sigma-Aldrich), oleylamine (Tech, 70% Olam, Sigma-Aldrich), 97% trioctylphosphine (TOP, Sigma-Aldrich), and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as solvents and coordinating ligands during synthesis. Quantum dots were cleaned and stored in organic solutions post-synthesis using hexane (Sigma-Aldrich), chloroform (CHCl3, J.T.Baker), ethanol (EtOH, anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), and methanol (MeOH, Sigma-Aldrich). For CL4 synthesis, alpha-lipoic acid (LA, Sigma Aldrich), 97% N,N’-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Alfa Aesar), ethylenediamine (EDA Sigma-Aldrich), methyl acrylate (ACROS Organics), lithium hydroxide (LiOH, Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ACROS Organics) were used. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, (reagent grade, 98%, Sigma Aldrich) was used for metalated ligand transfer. Buffered solutions were prepared by using phosphate buffered saline packets (pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium citrate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) and citric acid (Fisher Chemicals).
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3

Synthesis of Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals

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All chemicals, indium acetate (In(OAc)3 99.99% trace metal basis, Sigma–Aldrich), indium chloride (InCl3, 99,99%, Sigma–Aldrich), zinc acetate (Zn(OAc)2 99.99% trace metal base, Sigma–Aldrich), palmitic acid (99%, Sigma), oleic acid (90% technical grade, Aldrich), selenium (Se, pellets, 99.999%, Sigma‐Aldrich), hexane (anhydrous, Sigma‐Aldrich), tetrachloroethylene (TCE, anhydrous, Sigma–Aldrich), tri‐n‐octylphosphine (TOP, 97%, Strem), tris(trimethylsilyl)arsine (TMS‐As, 99%, JSI‐silicon), tris(trimethylsilyl)antimony (TMS‐Sb, 99%, JSI‐silicon) were used without any further purification.
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4

CVD Growth of Multilayer MoSe2 Films

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Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) (99%, Sigma Aldrich) powder and selenium (Se) (99.5%, Sigma Aldrich) The ramping time from room temperature to growth temperature is 15 min and the growth time (selenization time) is 20 min. The thickness of the MoSe 2 sample can be controlled by the growth temperature. In order to realize the multilayer nucleation of MoSe 2 , higher temperatures are necessary. For CVD growth of multilayer MoSe 2 , high temperature can introduce a thermodynamic process comparing to a kinetic process at low temperature, [32] which is a general case for temperature selective growth in chemistry. [33] At high temperature, upper triangles usually grow from the same nucleation site at the center of the bottom triangle for multilayer MoSe 2 . In our experiment, growth at 750°C would yield MoSe 2 dominated by monolayer, while 825°C and 900°C can result in bilayer and 3-4 layers samples, respectively.
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