The animals were divided into six groups (n = 8). Normal control; Sham control; STZ control (ICV-STZ, 3 mg/kg); Daidzein (Sigma Aldrich, CAS# 83701-22-8) 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6, STZ (3 mg/kg) on day 1 and Daidzein (Sigma Aldrich, CAS# 486-66-8) was dissoved in a 1:10 solution of dimethyl sulfoxide: Phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.2) and administered at (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mg/kg/day, s. c. respectively) from 3rd to 28th day; and Minoxidil 0.45, STZ (1.5 mg/kg) on day 1 and minoxidil 0.45 mg/kg, i. p. alternatively from 3rd day to 28th day. The variable frequency and doses of Daidzein and minoxidil were chosen based on the pharmacokinetics of respective drugs to maintain the plasma availability.[23 (link)24 (link)] Group Minoxidil 0.45 was administered STZ at its submaximal dose, 1.5 mg/kg in the view that the activation of caveolin (using minoxidil) may potentiate the effect of STZ.
Daidzein
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Poland, Italy, United Kingdom
Daidzein is a naturally occurring isoflavone compound. It functions as an antioxidant and has been studied for its potential biological activities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Genistein, by Merck Group (94 mentions)
Genistin, by Merck Group (38 mentions)
Daidzin, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (31 mentions)
Formononetin, by Merck Group (28 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (27 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (23 mentions)
Biochanin a, by Merck Group (22 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Glycitein, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (17 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Resveratrol, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
158 protocols using daidzein
1
Daidzein and Minoxidil in STZ-Induced Diabetes
2
HPLC-DAD Analysis of Phenolic Compounds
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The analysis employed an Agilent 1260 HPLC-DAD system (Agilent Technologies, Waldbronn, Germany) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A separation process was conducted using an Eclipse C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 μm), with 10 μL of each fungal extract sample injected. The mobile phase comprising water and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile (HPLC grade, Alpha Chemika, Mumbai, India), flowed at a rate of 1 mL/min, following a linear gradient. The column temperature was approximately 35 °C, and a multi-wavelength detector performed the monitoring at 280 nm [75 (link)]. Cinnamic, caffeic, ferulic, syringic, gallic, ellagic, p-coumaric, and chlorogenic acids, in addition to hesperetin, kaempferol, rutin, catechin, quercetin, apigenin, methyl gallate, vanillin, daidzein, and naringenin were purchased from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, and utilized as standard phenolics.
3
Simultaneous Quantification of Polyphenols
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Acetonitrile, 2-propanol, methanol, formic acid (all LC-MS grade), n-hexane and N,N-dimethylformamide (both reagent grade) were purchased from Merck Life Science (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). Ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q advantage A10 system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Standards of isoquercetrin, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillin, vanillin alcohol, p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid, daidzein, 1,3-benzenediol, syringol, homovanillic acid and hydroxytyrosol were acquired from Merck Life Science
4
Steroid and Isoflavone Compound Procurement
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The compounds of interest 17β-Estradiol (E2, ≥98%), 17⍺-Ethinylestradiol (EE2, ≥98%), Genistein (≥98%), Genistin (≥97.5%), Daidzein (≥98%), and Daidzin (≥95%), were purchased from Merck (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and ethanol (99.9%) was obtained from VWR (VWR, Prague, Czech Republic). All media and supplements from Gibco, Life Technologies, and Invitrogen brands were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Thermo Fischer Scientific, Waltham, USA). Charcoal-stripped fetal bovine serum (chsFBS) was obtained directly in the estrogen-free (charcoal-stripped) form from two different suppliers, Merck and Biowest (Biowest, Nuaillé, France), and labelled in this study as chsFBS(Mer) and chsFBS(Bio).
5
Daidzein Cytotoxicity in Choriocarcinoma
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Cell culture. Human choriocarcinoma cell lines JAR and JEG-3 were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) in an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 at 37˚C. Daidzein (Abcam, Cambridge, UK) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide to a concentration of 100 mM and stored at -20˚C. Daidzein was added into the culture medium at a concentration of 0, 25, 50 or 100 µM or 48 h prior to the following experiments.
MTT assay. Cell viability was examined using an MTT assay (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) following treatment of JAR and JEG-3 cells with 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM Daidzein for 48 h. The cells were subsequently incubated with 20 µl MTT solution (0.5 mg/ml) at 37˚C for 4 h. The medium was carefully discarded and dimethyl sulfoxide (150 µl) was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 490 nm using a universal microplate reader (model ELx800; BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA).
MTT assay. Cell viability was examined using an MTT assay (Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) following treatment of JAR and JEG-3 cells with 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 µM Daidzein for 48 h. The cells were subsequently incubated with 20 µl MTT solution (0.5 mg/ml) at 37˚C for 4 h. The medium was carefully discarded and dimethyl sulfoxide (150 µl) was added to dissolve the formazan crystals. The absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 490 nm using a universal microplate reader (model ELx800; BioTek Instruments, Inc., Winooski, VT, USA).
6
Analytical-grade Chemicals Protocol
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7
Breast Cancer Cell Culture Protocol
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MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). Cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with FBS (5 % v/v), nonessential amino acids (100 mM), L-glutamine (5 mM), streptomycin (100 μg/ml), and penicillin (100 units/ml); all from BioWhittaker, Walkersville, MD. Cells were grown at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 95 % air and 5 % CO2 as previously described [37 (link), 38 (link)]. Daidzein (Sigma) treatments are as described in figure legends.
8
Naringenin and Mefenamic Acid Dissolution Study
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Naringenin (NRG, >98.0%) and mefenamic acid were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) Kollidon 25 was provided by BASF Japan Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Polyglycerol fatty acid ester O-50D (PG) was obtained from Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Dissolution test solutions 1 and 2 were purchased from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). β-Glucuronidase from Helix pomatia Type HP-2 (No. G7017; β-glucuronidase activity ≥ 100,000 U/mL; sulfatase activity = 7,500 U/mL) and daidzein were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. (St. Louis, MO, United States). FUJI DRI-CHEM slides for clinical biochemistry analysis were purchased from FUJIFILM Corporation (Tokyo, Japan).
9
Identification of Plant Defense Compounds
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Genistein, genistin, daidzin, daidzein, jasmonic acid (JA), coronatine, benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester (acibenzolar S-methyl), and benzo(1,2,3) thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid (acibenzolar acid) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Coumestrol, 2′-hydroxyGenistein, dalbergioidin, phaseollin, phaseollidin, kievitone, and phaseollinisoflavone were obtained and identified according to Durango et al. (2002) . Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), cis-jasmone and 2-carboxy cinnamic acid were from Alfa-Aesar Co. (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Methanol, ethyl acetate, NaOH, silica gel and all other chemicals were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). 1-oxoindanoyl-amino acid conjugates were prepared from 2-carboxy cinnamic acid according to Krumm et al. (1995) (link) and Botero et al. (2021) .
10
Quantification of Isoflavones and Antioxidant Evaluation
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Reference standards of daidzein, genistein, puerarin, formononetin, and biochanin A with a purity of ≥98% were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Methanol (99.9%, for HPLC gradient), formic acid (98.0–100%, Puriss., for meeting analytical specifications of DAC and FCC), acetic acid (99.8%, for HPLC), and acetonitrile (99.9%, HPLC) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Choline chloride (99%; pharmaceutical grade) was purchased from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium. Citric acid (99%, food-grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Quercetin, gallic acid, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Ethyl acetate and ethanol were purchased from Himreaktivsnab company, Ufa, Russia. All other reagents and chemicals used in this study were of analytical grade. An ultrasonic cleaner and laboratory centrifuge Elma PE-6926 with a 10 × 5 mL rotor were used for the extraction process. A spectrophotometer Shimadzu-UV 1800 (Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan) was used as an analytical tool for the evaluation of total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity. A hot oven (Dry Oven UN55, Memmert, Schwabach, Germany) was used to dry the samples. In addition, HPLC-ESI-HRMS was used to quantify isoflavone content.
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