Logiq book xp

Experienced vascular technicians measured carotid intima media-thickness (CIMT) using a LOGIQ Book XP with a 10-MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Maximum values for the left and right common carotid arteries of the CIMT were calculated with automated digital edge-detection software (Intimascope; MediaCross, Tokyo, Japan) following a protocol that has been described in detail elsewhere [20 ]. The higher values of right and left CIMT not including plaque measurements were then calculated, and the maximum CIMT value was used for analysis. Since a previous study reported a CIMT value of < 1.1 mm as normal [21 (link)], we defined samples with a CIMT value of ≥ 1.1 mm as atherosclerotic.

A detailed description of the ultrasonography methods used in this study can be found in the following references [8 (link)–10 (link)]. Briefly, a mobile, high-resolution ultrasound (US) machine (GE model LOGIQ Book XP) was used. Hepatobiliary abnormalities including portal vein radical echoes, echoes in liver parenchyma, indistinct gallbladder wall, gallbladder size, sludge and suspected CCA were graded and recorded. Individuals were classified as “Non-Advanced Periductal Fibrosis” (APF-) or “controls” if the US grade was 0 or 1, and “Advanced Periductal Fibrosis” (APF+) or “case” if the US grade was 2 or 3. Individuals with alcoholic liver disease, which is seen as fatty liver by US exam, were excluded from this study. Also, individuals with marked hepatic fibrosis not related to OV infection (e.g., cirrhosis from HBV or HCV) were also excluded from this study (see Fig 1).

Trained interviewers obtained information on clinical characteristics. Body weight and height were measured with an automatic body composition analyzer (BF-220; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) to calculate BMI (kg/m²). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded at rest.
A fasting blood sample was collected. TSH, free T3, and free T4 levels were measured using a chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) at the LSI Medience Corporation (Tokyo, Japan). Normal ranges for free T3 (2.1–4.1 pg/mL), free T4 (1.0–1.7 ng/dL), and TSH (0.39–4.01 μIU/mL) based on this method were reported [12 ]. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), and serum creatinine levels were measured using standard procedures at SRL, Inc. (Tokyo, Japan).
The presence of thyroid cysts was determined by experienced ultrasound technicians using a LOGIQ Book XP with a 10-MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). For the present study, a thyroid cyst was defined as a structure with a maximum diameter of ≥ 2.0 mm and no solid components [5 (link), 8 (link), 9 (link)].
Spot urine dipstick was used to assess for the presence of proteinuria. Proteinuria was diagnosed as +1 or above.

Thyroid volumes were measured using a portable ultrasound instrument equipped with a 10 MHz linear transducer (LOGIQ BOOK XP, GE healthcare, Seoul, Republic of Korea). The examination was performed by a single experienced endocrinologist with two additional persons assisting and record-keeping. The subjects were in the supine position with the hyperextension of neck for examination. The volume of each lobe was calculated using the following formula [18 (link)]: width (cm) × length (cm) × depth (cm) × 0.479. The thyroid volume was then the sum of the volumes of both lobes. Isthmus volume was not taken into account.

CIMT was measured by an experienced vascular technician based on ultrasonography of the left and right common carotid arteries using a LOGIQ Book XP with a 10-MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Mean values for the left and right CIMT were calculated with automated digital edge-detection software (Intimascope; MediaCross, Tokyo, Japan) according to a previously described protocol [26 (link)]. The values of right and left CIMT, not including plaque measurements, were then calculated, and the mean CIMT value was used for analysis.

Measurements of common CIMT by ultrasonography of the right common carotid artery was carried out using an Ethiroli Tiny‐16a (Surabi Biomedical Instrumentation, Coimbatore, India) in APCAPS, and LOGIQ Book XP with a 10‐MHz transducer (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) in NaIS. The protocol used has been described in detail elsewhere.13, 15 The mean CIMT was calculated as the mean of right CIMT measurements with carotid plaque excluded. Although AtheroEdge Software in the original APCAPS study and Intima Scope Software (Cross Media, Tokyo, Japan) were used to measure mean CIMT, we re‐evaluated the mean CIMT of APCAPS participants using Intima Scope to avoid the systematic difference of CIMT in the two different types of software.16 Arterial stiffness was evaluated as PWV by the Vicorder system (Skidmore Medical Limited, Bristol, UK) in APCAPS, and cardio‐ankle vascular index (CAVI) by the VaSera system (Fukuda Denshi, Tokyo, Japan) in NaIS.