The bacterial suspensions for the nitrogen use assays were prepared in the same way as for the carbon source but were washed in IF-0a GN/GP Base (1.2X) inoculating fluid (#72268) containing 5 mM potassium phosphate monohydrate, pH 6 (Millipore-Sigma), 2 mM sodium sulfate (Millipore-Sigma) and 20 mM sucrose as the carbon source. The rest of the steps and determination of substrate utilization as a nitrogen source were similar to the ones described above for the carbon source assay.
Sodium sulfate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, India, Poland, United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Spain, Canada, Australia
Sodium sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula Na₂SO₄. It is a white, crystalline solid that is commonly used as a desiccant, a filler in detergents, and in the production of glass, paper, and textiles.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (64 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (54 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (41 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (34 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (27 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (26 mentions)
Sodium bicarbonate, by Merck Group (23 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (22 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Calcium chloride, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (15 mentions)
Magnesium chloride, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Sodium nitrate, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Ammonium chloride, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Merck Group (12 mentions)
279 protocols using sodium sulfate
1
Nitrogen Utilization Assay Protocol
2
Flavonoids Synthesis and Characterization
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High purity flavonoids, quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, fisetin, kaempferol (Indofine Chemical Company, Hillsborough, NJ, USA), and ethyl chloroacetate, dimethylformamide, anhydrous potassium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, ethyl acetate, thionyl chloride, acetone, ammonia solution, hexane, silica gel, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, sodium cholate, porcine pepsin, dialysis tubing, amylase, esterase, porcine pancreatin, dimethyl sulfoxide, and phosphate-buffered saline were purchased from Millipore Sigma (Burlington, MA, USA).
3
Purity Quantification of Neonicotinoid Pesticides
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Imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam were purchased from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany). Purity assays of these pesticides were performed according to protocols developed in this laboratory at the National Metrology Institute of Korea. Details of the purity assay have been described in previous studies (Kim et al. 2013; Lee and Kim 2014) . Briefly, LC/UV analysis for structure-related impurities, Karl-Fisher titration for water content, thermogravimetric analysis for nonvolatile impurities, and head-space GC/MS for residual solvents were performed, respectively, and the chemicals were subsequently used without further purification. The purity of Imidacloprid, clothianidin, and thiamethoxam was determined as (99.5 ± 0.3)%, (99.4 ± 0.3)%, and (99.6 ± 0.1)%, respectively. Isotope analogues, Imidacloprid-d 4 , clothianidin-d 3 , and thiamethoxam-d 4 , were obtained from LGC (Teddington, UK). Ammonium acetate for the aqueous mobile phase was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium chloride and sodium sulfate for sample preparation procedure were also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade organic solvents, methanol, and acetonitrile were obtained from Burdick and Jackson (Musekegon, MI, USA). Water was purified with a Millipore Milli-Q system at 18.2 MΩ/cm 2 .
4
Analytical Reagents Procurement and Preparation
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Analytical grade sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) potassium sulfate (K2SO4), sodium dicarbonate (NaHCO3), calcium chloride (CaCl2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), cadmium acetate (Cd(CH3COO)2), lead acetate (Pb(CH3COO)2), nickel chloride (NiCl2), copper chloride (CuCl2), potassium acid pyroantimonate (K2H2Sb2O7.4H2O), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), ammonium dimolybdate ((NH4)2Mo2O7), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, 98%), dithionite (Na2S2O4), and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). 250 ml glass (GG-17) and plastic (poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), PMP) beaker were purchased from sinopharm. All chemicals were used without further purification. Deionized water was used for all reagent and particle suspension preparation.
5
Synthesis of Novel Aromatic Compounds
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Materials 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (98%), vanillin (99%), syringaldehyde (98%), 2-oxindole (97%), methyl 2-bromoacetate (497%), mesitylene (98%), dibutyltin oxide (DBTO) (498%), 1,6-hexanediol (97%), 1,5-pentanediol (497%), 1,4-butanediol (499%), 1,3-propaneodiol (498%) and sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Glacial acetic acid (99.8%), hydrochloric acid (37%), N,Ndimethylformamide (DMF, ACS, Reag. Ph. Eur.) and ethyl acetate (EtOAc, ACS, Reag. Ph. Eur.) and n-heptane were purchased from VWR Chemicals. Methanol was purchased from Honeywell. Chloroform (Analytical grade, stabilized with ethanol) and xylene (Analytical grade, ACS) were purchased from Scharlau. All chemicals and reagents were used as received.
6
Comprehensive Analytical Techniques Compendium
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All chemicals used were of molecular biology/analytical grade or higher where appropriate. 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), α-tocopherol, aluminum chloride (AlCl3), ammonium acetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium sulfate, β-carotene, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), calcium carbonate, (+)-catechin, copper (II), d -(+)-glucose, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ferrous chloride, ferrozine, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, linoleic acid, neocuproine, phosphate buffer, potassium ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, potassium persulfate, potassium phosphate (monobasic and dibasic), quercetin, saturated sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, sodium hydroxide, sodium phosphate (monobasic and dibasic), sodium sulfate, sulfuric acid, tannic acid, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), trolox, TWEEN 20, vanillic acid, yeast extract and vanillin were all supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
7
Organic Reagents for Scientific Studies
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Organic reagents used in this study are shown in SI Appendix, Fig. S11 . Erythritol (99%), EDTA (>99%), and magnesium sulfate hexahydrate (≥99%) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. D2O (99.8 atom% D), CDCl3 (99.8 atom% D), MeOH (≥99%), acetonitrile (MeCN) (≥99%), cyclohexane (≥99%), PA (98%), AS (≥99%, RG and MB grade), ammonium carbonate (≥99%), sodium sulfate (≥99%), DNPH (97%), and 50 wt.% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. 4-nitrophenol (p-NP) (99%) and tert-butanol (>99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. DNPH was recrystallized prior to use, and its formic acid derivative (FADNPH) was synthesized via a previously reported procedure (65 ). 2-methylbut-3-ene-1,2-diol and 2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutane-1,4-dinitrate were each synthesized according to previous reports (66 (link)). All other purchased chemicals were used without further purification. Unless otherwise indicated, experiments were performed using RG sulfate salts. Ultrapure H2O was obtained from a Milli-Q purification system (Millipore Sigma, 18 MΩ).
8
Methotrexate Quantification in BRB Buffer
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All reagents used were of analytical grade. Methotrexate (MTX) in table form was purchased from the local market of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Phosphoric acid was purchased from Biom Laboratories Ltd. (Neu-Isenburg, Germany). Nickel chloride, sodium sulfate, urea, boric acid, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Karachi, Pakistan. Hydrochloric acid was purchased from Merck. The stock solution of 1 mM MTX was prepared in 0.04 M BRB buffer solution of pH 2. All the desired solutions were prepared in deionized water.
9
Synthesis of Clickable Protein A Beads
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4-vinylbenzyl chloride (Sigma Aldrich, Buchs, Switzerland), DMF (VWR, Schlieren, Switzerland), sodium azide (Sigma Aldrich), diethyl ether (Sigma Aldrich), MgSO4 (Sigma Aldrich), sodium dodecyl sulfate (Sigma Aldrich), propargyl glicidyl ether (Sigma Aldrich), propargyl-dPEG1-NHS–ester (Rapp Polymer, Tübingen, Germany), sodium ascorbate (Sigma Aldrich), Protein A (Syd Labs, Natick, MA, USA), Cys-Terminated protein A (ProspecBio, East Brunswick, NJ, USA), styrene (Sigma Aldrich), divinyl benzene (Sigma Aldrich), potassium persulfate (Sigma Aldrich), 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) (Sigma Aldrich), copper sulfate (Sigma Aldrich), sodium ascorbate (Sigma Aldrich), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Sigma Aldrich), sodium phosphate (Sigma Aldrich), sodium sulfate (Sigma Aldrich), potassium bromide (Sigma Aldrich), ethanol amine (Sigma Aldrich), citric acid (Sigma Aldrich), sodium chloride (VWR).
10
Synthesis and Characterization of Biomaterials
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Materials D-(+)-Glucose, L-(+)-ascorbic acid, vitamin B1, oleic acid, sodium sulfate and pyridine were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA.
L-(+)-Tartaric acid was purchased from Alfa-Aesar, England. Lauroyl chloride was bought from TCI, Japan. Chloroform and n-hexane were bought from Daejung chemicals, Korea. Tetrahydrofuran was purchased from Acros Organics, USA. Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and acetone were purchased from Frutarom (Haifa, Israel). Ethyl acetate and concentrated hydrochloric acid were purchased from Bio-Lab Ltd (Jerusalem, Israel). Precursors for PDMS film formation (Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer base and Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer curing agent) were purchased from Dow Corning Co., USA. All chemicals were used without further purification. UV-LED of wavelength 403 nm was purchased from Farnell Co., UK.
L-(+)-Tartaric acid was purchased from Alfa-Aesar, England. Lauroyl chloride was bought from TCI, Japan. Chloroform and n-hexane were bought from Daejung chemicals, Korea. Tetrahydrofuran was purchased from Acros Organics, USA. Dimethyl formamide (DMF) and acetone were purchased from Frutarom (Haifa, Israel). Ethyl acetate and concentrated hydrochloric acid were purchased from Bio-Lab Ltd (Jerusalem, Israel). Precursors for PDMS film formation (Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer base and Sylgard 184 silicone elastomer curing agent) were purchased from Dow Corning Co., USA. All chemicals were used without further purification. UV-LED of wavelength 403 nm was purchased from Farnell Co., UK.
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