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65 protocols using peyfp n1

1

Cloning of Receptor Fusion Proteins

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Human cDNAs for CRF 2 receptor, OX 1 receptor, σ 1 receptor, σ 2 receptor and GHS-R1a cloned into pcDNA3.1, were amplified without their stop codons using sense and antisense primers harboring the fol Navarro et al. Neuropharmacology xxx (2018) xxx-xxx lowing: EcoRI and KpnI sites to clone OX 1 receptor and σ 2 receptor in the pcDNA3.1RLuc vector (pRLuc-N1, PerkinElmer Life Sciences, Wellesley, MA) and to clone CRF 2 receptor and GHS-R1a in the pEYFP-N1 vector (enhanced yellow variant of GFP; Clontech, Heidelberg, Germany); HindIII and BamHI sites to clone σ 1 R in pEYFP-N1 vector; EcoRI and BamHI sites to clone A 2A receptor in pEYFP-N1 vector. Amplified fragments were subcloned to be in-frame with restriction sites of pRLuc-N1 or pEYFP-N1 vectors to provide plasmids that express proteins fused to RLuc or YFP on the C-terminal end (OX 1 -RLuc, CRF 2 -YFP, GHS-R1a-YFP, σ 1 R-RLuc and σ 2 R-RLuc).
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2

Establishing Doxorubicin-Resistant A549 and GPBP-Deficient 4T1 Cell Lines

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A549 cultures were transfected either with pEYFP-N1 (Clontech) or pEYFP-N1-GPBP expressing EYFP or GPBP-EYFP, respectively. Cells were selected with 400 mg/L of geneticin and individual cells isolated with a High-Speed Cell Sorter MoFlo (Beckman-Coulter) using intrinsic fluorescence and further cultured. Recombinant protein expression of selected clones was assessed by IF and WB.
A549 cells were cultured with 1 µM doxorubicin and the medium was changed every 48 h. When necessary the concentration of doxorubicin was lowered to 0.2 µM to prevent cell cycle arrest. After several weeks, doxorubicin IC50 was determined with alamarBlue® to confirm doxorubicin resistance (A549-DR).
4T1 cells were co-transfected with plasmids expressing Cas9 and a guide RNA (Sigma-Aldrich) targeting GPBP exclusive sequence in exon 11 (CCCTATAGTCGCTCTTCCTCCA) to generate 4T1 GPBP–/–.
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3

Episomal Expression of CIITA Variants

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cDNA constructs were expressed using EBV episomal expression vector EBS-NPL [27 (link)]. EBS-constructs for CIITA-FIII, ∆36, ∆54, ∆102 and Myc6-FIII have been described [24 (link)]. These and the other CIITA forms used here were generated on the backbone of a CIITA-FIII (I120E121) cDNA lacking the 3’UTR [28 (link)]. CIITA forms with different N-terminal ends were generated by exchanges with restriction fragments from other CIITA cDNA clones, by PCR mutagenesis, or via oligonucleotide adaptors. For the generation of CIITA-E163 constructs a DNA fragment coding for the EGFP ORF was inserted at amino acid position 163 of CIITA-FIII. The various CIITA-E163 constructs with different N-terminal ends were constructed as described above. All constructs were expressed in EBS-NPL. ùConstructs with N-terminal ten amino acids extensions are based on pEYFP-N1 and pEYFP-Nuc (Clontech). All constructs were verified by sequencing. EBS-PL-tdtomato was obtained from D. Garcin [29 (link)].
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4

Stable Transfection of Keratin-EYFP in MDCK and HaCaT Cells

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Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells were stably transfected with a plasmid encoding human full-length keratin eight with an EYFP tag at its carboxyterminus (Windoffer et al., 2004 (link); recloned into pEYFP-N1 (Clontech) with BamHI and EcoRI). MDCK cells were obtaned from DKFZ (Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum). Resulting cell clone H9 was used for the analyses described in this paper. Cells were grown in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Sigma-Aldrich) with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (Pan Biotech) including 700 µg/ml G418 (Sigma-Aldrich) for selection. Vital MDCK cells were imaged after 3 days when the monolayer had reached complete confluence.
Immortalized human HaCaT keratinocyte cell clone B10 expressing EYFP-tagged human keratin 5 (HK5-EYFP) has been described (Moch et al., 2013 (link)). HaCaT cells were obtained from the Fusenig lab, which first isolated and described this cell line (Boukamp et al., 1988 (link)). The cells were grown in DMEM containing l-alanyl-glutamine (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal calf serum (SeraPlus; PAN Biotech) and passaged as described (Moch et al., 2013 (link)). Vital HaCaT cells were imaged 1–2 days after reaching confluence corresponding to 5–7 after seeding. Both cell lines were tested by PCR to be mycoplasma free.
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5

Construction of Receptor-Fluorescent Protein Fusions

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The human cDNAs for the D3, MT1, MT2, and GHS-R1a receptors cloned in pcDNA3.1 were amplified without their stop codons using sense and antisense primers. The primers harbored either unique BamHI and HindIII sites for D3; EcoRI and KpnI sites for GHS-R1a or Hind III; and BamH1 sites for MT1 and MT2. The fragments were subcloned to be in frame with an enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (pEYFP-N1; Clontech, Heidelberg, Germany) or an Rluc (pRluc-N1; PerkinElmer, Wellesley, MA) on the C-terminal end of the receptor to produce D3-RLuc, MT1–YFP, MT2–YFP and GHS-R1a-YFP fusion proteins.
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6

Fluorescent-tagged ion channel expression

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Human Kv2.1 (GenBank Accession number NM_004975) and human Kv6.4 (NM_172347) in the eGFP-N1 vector (Clontech, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and N-terminally CFP-labeled Kv2.1 and Kv6.4 subunits in the eCFP-C1 vector (Clontech) have been described previously14 (link)17 (link). Mouse KCNE4 (NM_021342) was amplified from mouse genomic DNA and subcloned in the pBK vector using SmaI. Human KCNE5 (NM_012282) was amplified from human genomic DNA and subcloned into either the pBK vector using SalI and BamHI or into the pXOOM vector using BamHI and EcoRI. C-terminally YFP-labeled KCNE5 was obtained by subcloning the KCNE5 cDNA in the peYFP-N1 (Clontech) vector. HA-Kv6.4 and HA-KCNE5 constructs were generated by introducing the HA epitope (YPYDVPDYA) into the extracellular S1-S2 loop and the extracellular N-terminus, respectively, by PCR amplification using the QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) and mutant primers. All PCR-generated inserts were sequenced to confirm sequence integrity and in-frame clonings.
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7

Fluorescent Protein Constructs for AQP5

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Human AQP5 and rat AQP5 were obtained from Dr. Bruce Baum (NIDCR, NIH) and subcloned in the following vectors pEGFP-C1, pEGFP-N1, pEYFP-C1, pEYFP-N1 (Clontech). TGN38-mCherry and YFP-TGN38 were a generous gift from Dr. Sarah Hamm-Alvarez (UCSC). GFP-actin, GFP-myosin Vc and GFP-TfnR were obtained from Dr. Julie Donaldson (NHLBI, NIH). GFP-Ribonuclease was a generous gift from Dr. David Yule (Rochester University). The 2X-EYFP vector was generated by inserting a copy of the YFP into a pEYFP-C and used to generate the 3X-EYFP using the same procedure. HSG-cell lines stably expressing YFP-AQP5 were prepared by lentiviral expression, as previously reported (Amornphimoltham et al., 2013 (link)).
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8

Calcium signaling regulation assays

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All reagents used were of molecular biology grade, purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless specified otherwise. HEK293 cells stably expressing human RyR subtype 2 (HEK293_RyR2) and D1ER constructs were provided by Roland Malli (Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria). We cloned TRIC-A fusion constructs in pCMV-Myc, pECFP-N1, and pEYFP-N1 vectors (Clontech, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France) from untagged mouse TRIC-A, provided by Hiroshi Takeshima (Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan). YFP-STIM1, Orai1-CFP, STIM1-myc, mCerulean-ER-5, and mCherry-ER-3 were obtained from Indu Suresh Ambudkar (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). STIM1-CFP, STIM1-YFP, CFP-STIM1, YFP-Orai1, YFP-Orai1-E106Q, and YFP-STIM1-D76A were provided by Christoph Romanin (University of Linz, Linz, Austria). CFP-GPI was provided by Wolfgang Schreibmayer (Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria).
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9

Fluorescent β2-AR Mutagenesis and BRET

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Plasmid cDNA encoding β2-AR was provided by R.J. Lefkowitz (Duke University), CD-28 was provided by J. Miller (University of Rochester) and CD-86 was provided by G. Milligan (University of Glasgow). The β2-AR was cloned into the pEGFP-N1 (Clonetech) at EcoRI/BamHI to create a chimeric receptor with a fluorescent tag on the C-terminus of the receptor, which was used as the starting template for mutagenesis. Sense and anti-sense primers containing the desired TMD1 and H8 β2-AR mutations were used in PCR-based mutagenesis with pfu polymerase (Stratagene), according to the Stratagene protocol. For the BRET assay, yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) and Renilla luciferase (Rluc) were attached to the C-terminal end of WT and mutant β2-AR by ligation of receptors into pEYFP-N1 and Rluc vectors (Clontech). All constructs were confirmed by DNA sequencing (Center for Functional Genomics, Albany, NY).
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10

Fas-FRET for Receptor Oligomerization Analysis

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Full-length (a.a. 1-317) or death domain truncated (a.a. 1-210) human Fas were cloned into pECFP-N1 or pEYFP-N1 (Clontech), modified to express an N-terminal HA tag and utilize the TNFR2 leader sequence for efficient surface expression. TM mutations were introduced into the constructs by site-directed mutagenesis. After confirmation of both sequence and expression, 2 μg of each construct was transfected into 293T cells. 48hr post-transfection, flow cytometric detection of FRET intensity was performed (Siegel et al., 2000a (link); Siegel et al., 2000b (link)) using a SORP LSRII Fortessa (BD Biosciences) with 447/488nm dual-laser excitation. Constructs expressing either full-length TNFR1 p60 or TACI with C-terminal CFP or YFP fusion were used as controls.
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