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12 protocols using rpmi 1640 medium

1

Culturing Diverse Breast Cell Lines

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Human breast cancer cell lines Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF-7), Iraqi human breast cancer cell line (Ahmed Murtadha Jabria 13; AMJ13), normal epithelial cells (HBL-100), murine mammary adenocarcinoma tumors (AN3), and monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero Cell) were provided by the experimental therapy department, ICCMGR, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq. In MEM medium, HBL-100 and MCF7 cell lines were cultured (US Biological, USA). AMJ13 cells, on the other hand, were grown in RPMI-1640 medium (US Biological, USA), which was supplemented with penicillin–streptomycin and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Capricorn-Scientific, Germany). The cells were then incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere containing 5% CO2.
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2

Amino Acid Deprivation in Cell Culture

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The cells were rinsed once with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and incubated with either amino acid-free RPMI-1640 medium (US Biological, R8999-04A) supplemented with 8% FBS or DMEM medium supplemented with 8% FBS plus different amounts of amino acids for the indicated period of time. The following amino acid concentrations were used in this work (1X, 50X, in mM): Leu (0.8, 40); Arg (0.48, 24); Gln (3.99, 199); Lys (1.0, 50).
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3

Culturing Breast Cancer Cell Lines

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The human breast cancer cell lines AMJ13 [20] , MCF7, MDAMB, and CAL51, as well as mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) were supplied by Cell Bank Unit. AMJ13 cells were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium (USbiological, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Capricorn Scientific, Germany), 100 units/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/ mL streptomycin. MCF7, MDAB, and CAL51 cells were cultured in Minimum Essential medium (MEM) (USbiological) supplemented with 10% FBS (Capricorn-Scientific, Germany), 100 μg/mL streptomycin, and 100 units/mL penicillin. The cells were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified environment and 5% CO 2 .
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4

Cystine-free DMEM for Cell Culture

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To make cystine-free DMEM, 200 µM L-methionine and 4 mM L-glutamine were added to methionine, glutamine, and cystine-free DMEM (Cat# 17–204-CL, Corning, or Cat# 21013024, Thermo Fisher Scientific), to generate ‘-cystine DMEM’. This medium was supplemented with 10% dialyzed fetal bovine serum (dFBS, Cat# 26400044, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and 0.5 U/mL P/S. For experiments using HT-1080 cells, 1x NEAAs were added. For most albumin supplementation experiments, BSA was added to DMEM or -cystine DMEM at a concentration of 3% w/v (unless otherwise indicated) and sterile filtered. Ovalbumin and casein were added to DMEM or -cystine DMEM in the same manner as BSA. For leucine starvation experiments, cells were plated in DMEM for 24 h. The following day DMEM was removed and cells were rinsed twice with PBS. Cells were then cultured in serum-free RPMI 1640 medium (US Biological life science, Cat# R8999–03A) deficient for leucine. Chemical inhibitors were added along with changing DMEM medium to serum-free and leucine-free RPMI 1640 medium. Two h later, leucine (50 mg/ml), 5% double-dialyzed BSA (Sigma Aldrich, Cat# A3294), or 3% double-dialyzed bovine γ-globulin (Fisher scientific, Cat# ICN19147805) were added for 4 h.
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5

Inhibiting Ca2+ Mobilization in EBV Assay

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For Ca2+ mobilization inhibition experiments, cells in complete medium were first treated with 1uM BTP2 for 2 hours prior to Tg treatment. Cells were continued incubated in the presence of Tg for additional 3 hours, and then were washed and maintained in fresh medium until they were harvested at 3hours after the wash for CHOP10 (C/EBP HOmologous Protein10/GADD153) transcript, 48 hrs for BZLF1 transcript, and day 6 for EBV copy measurements by qPCR. We also employed a calcium free RPMI 1640 medium (US Biological, Salem, MA) with 10% dialyzed FCS (Atlanta Biologicals. Flowery Branch, GA) to demonstrate the null extracellular Ca2+ influx. Cells were maintained in calcium free medium 2 hours prior to Tg treatment and assays were performed as described.
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Preparation of Amino Acid-Deficient Media

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Amino acid-free (AA−) medium was prepared by RPMI 1640 powder (R8999–04A, US Biological Life Science) and sodium phosphate dibasic (5.6 mM, the same concentration as commercially available RPMI 1640 medium, US Biological Life Science), supplemented with 10% (v/v) dialyzed FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Amino acid-sufficient (AA+) medium was prepared by adding proper volumes of MEM amino acids solution (essential amino acids, EAA, 50×), MEM non-essential amino acids solution (NEAA, 100×), and 200 mM L-Gln (all from Sigma-Aldrich) to AA− medium to reach a final concentration of 1×EAA, 1×NEAA, and 2 mM Gln. The medium was supplemented with 10% (v/v) dialyzed FBS. Medium containing single amino acids (Ala, Leu, Gln, or Arg) or their combinations was prepared with AA– medium (prepared to the same concentrations present in the AA+ medium). All media were adjusted to pH7.5 and filter-sterilized (0.2 μm) before use.
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7

Modulation of Caspase and Calcium Signaling in HVJ-E Treatment

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To inhibit caspase activity, 100 μmol/L of the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK (Medical and Biological Laboratories, Inc., Nagoya, Japan) was added to the cells one hour prior to HVJ-E treatment. Calcium-free conditions were prepared using calcium-free RPMI 1640 medium (US Biological, Inc., MO, USA), and in the cytoplasmic Ca2+ inhibition experiments, 5 μmol/L BAPTA-AM or 50 μmol/L 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the cells 1 hour before exposure to HVJ-E. To increase cytoplasmic Ca2+, A23817 was used which was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Tokyo, Japan).
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8

Amino Acid Modulation of Cell Culture Medium

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Amino acid-free (AA−) medium was prepared by RPMI 1640 powder (R8999–04A, US Biological Life Science) and sodium phosphate dibasic (5.6 mM, the same concentration as commercially available RPMI 1640 medium, US Biological Life Science), supplemented with 10% (v/v) dialyzed FBS (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Amino acid-sufficient (AA+) medium was prepared by adding proper volumes of MEM amino acids solution (essential amino acids, EAA, 50×), MEM non-essential amino acids solution (NEAA, 100×), and 200 mM L-Gln (all from Sigma-Aldrich) to AA- medium to reach a final concentration of 1×EAA, 1×NEAA, and 2 mM Gln. The medium was supplemented with 10% (v/v) dialyzed FBS. Medium containing single amino acids (Ala, Leu, Gln, or Arg) or their combinations was prepared with AA− medium (prepared to the same concentrations present in the AA+ medium). All media were adjusted to pH7.5 and filter-sterilized (0.2 μm) before use.
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9

Cell Culture Conditions for H1975 and hTERT RPE1 Cells

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H1975 cells were kindly provided by Dr. John Minna (UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas) and maintained at 5% CO2 at 37°C in biotin‐free RPMI 1640 medium (USBiological), supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) FCS (Fetal Calf Serum, Sigma). hTERT RPE1 cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained at 5% CO2 at 37°C in DMEM high‐glucose medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) FCS (Sigma). To reduce biotin background, all cells were maintained in media without added biotin. Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda, GIBCO‐BRL) insect cells were maintained at 27°C in Sf‐900 III SFM medium (GIBCO) supplemented with 2 mM l‐glutamine. High Five insect cells were generously provided by Dr. Vincent Tagliabracci (UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas) and maintained at 27°C in serum‐free ESF 921 medium (Expression Systems).
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10

Cell Line Maintenance Protocols

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H1975 cells were kindly provided by Dr. John Minna (UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas) and maintained at 5% CO2 at 37°C in biotin-free RPMI 1640 medium (USBiological), supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) FCS (Fetal Calf Serum, Sigma). hTERT RPE1 cells were obtained from ATCC and maintained at 5% CO2 at 37°C in DMEM high-glucose medium (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with 10% (vol/vol) FCS (Sigma). To reduce biotin background, all cells were maintained in media without added biotin. Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda, GIBCO-BRL) insect cells were maintained at 27°C in Sf-900 III SFM medium (GIBCO) supplemented with 2 mM L-glutamine. High Five insect cells were generously provided by Dr. Vincent Tagliabracci (UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas) and maintained at 27°C in serum-free ESF 921 medium (Expression Systems).
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