Dimethyl sulfoxide cell culture grade

α-Glucosidase, α-amylase, and acarbose, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), naphthyl ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, gallic acid, quercetin, sodium nitrate, methanol, trisaminomethane (Tris), nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), 1,4 Dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), phenazine methosulfate (PMS), FeSO₄, saffron, salicylic acid, sodium nitroprusside, sulfanilic acid reagent, glacial acetic acid, and naphthyl ethylene diamine dihydrochloride were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China), 3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) was procured from Enzo Life Science (Plymouth Meeting, PA, USA). D-Hank’s buffer, dimethyl sulfoxide (cell-culture grade), and 0.25% EDTA trypsin were obtained from (Solarbio, China); RPMI 1640 medium and fetal bovine serum were acquired from (GIBCO, USA). Microbial strains; Escherichia Coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus cereus ATCC 10876, and Salmonella enterica ATCC 14028 were obtained from Microbiologic (St. Cloud, Minnesota, USA).

Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, trolox (GA, >98%), rutin (GA, >98%), and gallic acid (GA, >98%) were purchased from Chengdu Must Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chengdu, China). Methanol and isopropanol were obtained from China National Pharmaceutical Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). MTT, dimethyl sulfoxide (cell culture grade), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Dexamethasone (Dex), oleic acid, and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), calf serum (CS), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), trypsin, penicillin-streptomycin (PS), and high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) were purchased from Gibco (Rockville, MD, USA).