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6 protocols using anti phospho atr

1

Western Blot Antibody Profiling

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Western blot analysis was carried out as previously interpreted [23 (link), 24 (link)]. Primary antibodies in this experiment comprised of: anti-Sirt6 (Sigma), anti-phosphor-PI3 Kinase p110α, anti-phospho-AKT(Ser473), anti-total pan-AKT, anti phospho-mTOR, and anti-total pan-mTOR, anti-PTEN, anti-phospho-4EBP1, anti-FoxO1, anti-HIF-1α, anti-PARP [specific to the full-length (116 kDa) and the cleaved form (89 kDa) of PARP], anti-p27, anti-CDK2, anti-phospho-ATM, anti-phospho-ATR, anti-phospho-Chk1 (Ser345), anti-phospho-Chk2 (Thr68) and anti-β-tubulin (Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), β-actin (Zhongshan Goldenbridge, Beijing, China). Details are shown in Supplementary methods.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Response

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For each sample, 1 × 107 cells were lysed as described previously.13 Equal amounts of proteins were separated on 7.5–13% SDS‐PAGE depending on the molecular sizes of the proteins, blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham Biosciences, Little Chalfon, UK) and blocked with 5% non‐fat drymilk in PBS/Tween (0.05% Tween‐20 in PBS). The following antibodies were used: anti‐ATM (D2E2), anti‐phospho‐ATM (10H11.E12), anti‐ATR, anti‐phospho‐ATR, anti‐Cdc25B, anti‐Cdc25C (5H9), anti‐CDK4, anti‐CDK6, anti‐phospho‐Chk1 (Ser317), anti‐phospho‐Chk1 (133D3, Ser345), anti‐Chk2, anti‐phospho‐Chk2 (Th68), anti‐cyclin D3 and anti‐cyclin E (HE12) from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA); anti‐phospho‐Cdc25A (Ser178) and anti‐phospho‐Cdc25A (Ser75) from Abgent (San Diego, CA, USA); anti‐Cdc25A (Clone DCS‐120 + DCS‐121) from NeoMarkers (Thermo Scientific, UK); anti‐Chk1 (FL‐475) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany); anti‐γH2AX (JBW301, Ser139) from Millipore (Millerica, MA); anti‐γH2AX (Alexa‐Fluor‐488) from Biozol Diagnostics (Eching, Germany) and anti‐tubulin from Sigma (St. Louis, USA).
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3

Chidamide and MI-3 Effects on DNA Damage

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2×105/well cells were treated with chidamide in the absence or presence of and/or MI-3 for 48 h, and the subjected to western blot analysis using indicated primary antibodies and secondary HRP-conjugated antibodies (1:10,000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The primary antibodies included anti-caspase-3 (#9662S), anti-PARP (#9532S), anti-histone H3 (#4499S), anti-phospho-H3 (#53348S), anti-γH2A.X (#2577S), anti-RAD51 (#8875S), anti-KU70 (#4588S), anti-STAT3 (#9139 S), anti-Mcl-1 (#94296S), anti-phospho-p53 (#9286S), anti-p21(#2947S), anti-phospho-ATM (#5803S), anti-ATM (#2873S), anti-phospho-ATR (#2835S), anti-CHK1 (#2360), anti-CHK2 (#2662), anti-P-CHK1 (#2197S), and anti-P-CHK2 (#2348S) from Cell Signaling Technology (Boston, MA, USA). The primary antibodies were diluted with 5% fat-free milk-TBST. Anti-β-actin (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology) was used as loading control. Blots were then detected using the ECL Western Blotting Detection Kit (GeneFlow, Staffordshire, UK).
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4

Monitoring DNA Damage Response Pathways

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The monoclonal antibodies used for this study included: anti-phospho-ATM (Ser 1981) (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA; Cat. #4526); anti-phospho-ATR (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA; Cat. #2853); anti-phospho-DNA PKcs (Ser2056) (Abcam, Cambridge, MA; Cat. ab18192); anti-phospho-Histone H2AX (Ser139) (Millipore, Mahopac, NY; Cat. #05-636); anti-8-OHdG (Abcam, Cambridge, MA; Cat. ab10802); LC3B (Invitrogen, Inc., Palo Alto, CA; Cat. L10382); NF-κB p65 (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA; Cat.4764S); iNOS (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA; Cat.13120).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Signaling

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Total protein and phosphorylated protein levels were analyzed by western blot analysis. Briefly, following treatment, cells were lysed and whole-cell lysates resolved by SDS-PAGE (6 or 10%) and immunoblotted with the indicated antibodies. The following primary antibodies were used for immunoblotting: anti-AKT, anti-phospho-Akt (S473), anti-CHK1, anti-phospho-CHK1 (S345), anti-CHK2, anti-ATR, anti-phospho-ATR (S428), anti-ATM, anti-rabbit/mouse horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc.), anti-Ku70, anti-phospho-CHK2 (T68) (Novus Biologicals LLC, Littleton, CO, USA), anti-phospho-ATM (S1981), anti-RAD51 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and anti-β-actin (Millipore).
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6

Gastric Cancer Cell Line Characterization

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All human GC cell lines (BGC823, HGC27, MGC803, MKN45, and SGC7901), normal gastric cell line (GES-1) and human embryonic renal cell line 293FT were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Beijing, China). All cell lines were tested mycoplasma-negative. MG132 and CHX were obtained from Sigma (Shanghai, China). Anti-ARIH2, anti-p21, anti-p27, anti-CDK1, anti-CDK2, anti-α-Tubulin, anti-HA, anti-SKP2, anti-RNF126 and anti-UHRF2 antibodies were purchased from Proteintech (Wuhan, China). Anti-MYC, anti-Flag, anti-phospho-ATR, anti-phospho-ATM, anti-ɣ-H2AX and anti-cleaved-caspase-3 antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Shanghai, China). Anti-Ki67 and anti-Bcl2 antibodies were purchased from BD Biosciences. All antibodies were diluted according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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