Whole and subtotal (whole-body minus head) body composition, including fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM), fat mass, and BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Scotland: iDXA; GE Encore, version 13.40.038, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA; South Africa: DXA; Discovery-W®, version 12.7.3.7, Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA) according to standard procedures. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), the sum of FFSTM (kg) of both legs and arms, was adjusted for BMI (ASMBMI). BMD was quantified using DXA at the lumbar spine (lumbar vertebrae L1-L4), total hip, and femoral neck.
Ge encore
The GE Encore is a versatile laboratory equipment designed for various analytical and research applications. It functions as a high-performance imaging system, capable of capturing detailed images and data for scientific analysis. The core purpose of the GE Encore is to provide researchers and scientists with a reliable and efficient tool for their laboratory work.
4 protocols using ge encore
Comprehensive Body Composition Assessment
Whole and subtotal (whole-body minus head) body composition, including fat-free soft tissue mass (FFSTM), fat mass, and BMD were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Scotland: iDXA; GE Encore, version 13.40.038, GE Healthcare, Madison, WI, USA; South Africa: DXA; Discovery-W®, version 12.7.3.7, Hologic, Bedford, MA, USA) according to standard procedures. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM), the sum of FFSTM (kg) of both legs and arms, was adjusted for BMI (ASMBMI). BMD was quantified using DXA at the lumbar spine (lumbar vertebrae L1-L4), total hip, and femoral neck.
Bone Density Assessment in Participants
Measuring Blood Pressure and Body Composition
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used for measurements of fat mass in kg (FM), fat mass percentage (FM%), fat-free mass in kg (FFM) and fat-free mass percentage (FFM%), using a GE-Lunar Prodigy scanner with GE Encore software version 8.80 (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) [17 (link)]. No sedation was required. All scans were performed and analyzed by the same operator.
DXA Scanning Procedure for Body Composition
The scans were performed according to a protocol developed that emphasises a consistent positioning of subjects on the DXA scanning bed (10) as previously described (18) . In addition, two Velcro straps were used to minimise any subject movement during the scan as well as provide a consistent body position for subsequent scans. One strap was secured around the ankles above the foot positioning pad and the other strap was secured around the trunk at the level of the mid forearms (19) . All scans were analysed automatically by the DXA software but all regions of interest were reconfirmed before being included in the subsequent statistical analysis.
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