Poly l lysine hydrobromide pll hbr

Poly(L-lysine hydrobromide) (PLL-HBr, M_w = 7.5 × 10³) and dextran (Dex, M_w = 8.0 × 10³–1.2 × 10⁴) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Funakoshi Co. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride and manganese(II) chloride tetrahydrate were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). 2-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was obtained from Nacalai Tesque, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). Poly(L-lysine)-graft-Dextran (PLL-g-Dex) cationic comb-type copolymer was synthesized by a reductive amination reaction of dextran with PLL according to [14 (link)]. The resulting copolymer was purified by an ion exchange column and dialysis, and obtained by freeze drying. ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and gel permeation chromatography equipped with a multi angle light scattering detector were employed to characterize the resulting copolymer. PLL-g-Dex copolymer consisting of 10 wt% PLL and 90 wt% dextran (11.5 mol.% of lysine units of PLL were substituted with dextran) was used in this study (Figure 1). HPLC-grade oligonucleotide with LNA modification was purchased from Gene Design Inc. (Osaka, Japan). HPLC-grade oligonucleotides with the sequences summarized in Figure 2(a) except that with LNA modification were purchased from Fasmac Co., Ltd (Kanagawa, Japan) and used without further purification.

Poly-l-lysine⋅hydrobromide (PLL⋅HBr, Mw: 1–5 kDa), deoxycholic acid (DOCA), methoxy polyethylene glycol acetic acid (MPEG-COOH, Mw: 5K), CUR, pyrene, deuterium oxide (D₂O), dimethyl solfoxide-_d6 (DMSO-_d6), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Cyanine 5.5 carboxylic acid (cy5.5-COOH) was obtained from Lumiprobe Corporation (Hallandale Beach, FL). 4-(4,6-Dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMT-MM) was supplied from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). Dialysis tubes (Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez, CA) were used for purification. Acidic PBS (pH 5.5 and 6.8) was adjusted using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The human hepatoma Hep3B cell line was supplied by the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Republic of Korea). High glucose Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin–streptomycin (PS) were used for cell culture. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Dojindo Molecular Technologies, Inc. (Kumamoto, Japan). The nuclei of the cells were counterstained with ProLong^® Gold anti-fade reagent with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Invitrogen, OR). The AP In Situ Cell Death Detection Kit was purchased from Roche Life Science (Indianapolis, IN). All chemicals were used as received without further purification.