Saline (0.9%) and β-funaltrexamine [β-FNA (a MOR-specific antagonist); Sigma-Aldrich] were used to identify the influence of forced swim intensities on MOR-dependent forced swim stress-induced analgesia. Mice were treated with physiological saline or β-FNA dissolved in saline through subcutaneous injection with a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight 24 h before the stress and analgesia test. The volume of injection was set at 10 ml/kg.
β fna
Manufactured by Merck Group
β-FNA is a lab equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is used for the analysis and detection of specific biological compounds. The core function of β-FNA is to provide accurate and reliable measurement capabilities for researchers and scientists in various fields of study.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Esi q tof maxis 4g, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Naltrindole, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nor binaltorphimine nor bni, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sb203580, by Beyotime (1 mentions)
Fmoc protected amino acids, by GL Biochem (1 mentions)
4 hydroxytamoxifen 4 oht, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Microinfusion pump, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions)
Naltrexone, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
Nor bni, by Bio-Techne (1 mentions)
3 protocols using β fna
1
Investigating Forced Swim Stress-Induced Analgesia
2
Solid-Phase Synthesis of EM-1 and EM-2 Peptides
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EM-1 and EM-2 were prepared by manual solid-phase synthesis using standard N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry as reported in our previous study [32 (link)]. Fmoc-protected amino acids (GL Biochem Ltd., China) were coupled with Rink amide 4-methybenzhydrylamine (MBHA) resin (Tianjin Nankai Hecheng Science & Technology Co., Ltd., China). The crude peptides were purified by preparative reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) and determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometer (ESI-Q-TOF maXis-4G, Bruker Daltonics).
Naloxone, β-FNA, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), and naltrindole (NTI) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology and dissolved in 1% DMSO in saline. All other drugs were dissolved in sterilized saline and stored at − 20 °C.
Naloxone, β-FNA, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), and naltrindole (NTI) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. The selective p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 was purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology and dissolved in 1% DMSO in saline. All other drugs were dissolved in sterilized saline and stored at − 20 °C.
3
Pharmacological Modulation of Opioid Signaling
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Ketamine (10–30 mg/kg, MWI Veterinary Supply Co.), Naltrexone (5 mg/kg, Tocris, 0677), beta-funaltrexamine (β-FNA, 15 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich, O003), norbinaltorphimine (norBNI, 10 mg/kg, Tocris, 0347), and cocaine (10 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich, C5776) were all dissolved in 0.9% normal saline. 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4OHT, 50 mg/kg, Sigma Aldrich, T176) was dissolved in warm ethanol (50 μl / mg 4OHT) and mixed into sunflower oil (80 μl / mg 4OHT) and castor oil (20 μl / mg 4OHT), followed by vacuum centrifugation to evaporate out the ethanol. Drugs were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a volume of 10 mL/kg. For all experiments involving drug injection, matched control groups always received the same total number of drug or SAL injections.
For local inhibition of MORs in the CeA, mice were bilaterally microinjected with CTAP (300 ng in 500 nL in saline, Sigma Aldrich, C6352) 5 min before behavioral testing. CTAP was infused through an injector cannula coupled to a 5 μL Hamilton syringe using a microinfusion pump (Harvard Apparatus) at a continuous rate of 150 nL min−1 to a total volume of 0.5 μL per hemisphere. Injector cannulas were removed 1 min after infusions were complete.
For local inhibition of MORs in the CeA, mice were bilaterally microinjected with CTAP (300 ng in 500 nL in saline, Sigma Aldrich, C6352) 5 min before behavioral testing. CTAP was infused through an injector cannula coupled to a 5 μL Hamilton syringe using a microinfusion pump (Harvard Apparatus) at a continuous rate of 150 nL min−1 to a total volume of 0.5 μL per hemisphere. Injector cannulas were removed 1 min after infusions were complete.
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