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9 protocols using trioctylphosphine top

1

Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Tellurium powder (99.99%), copper(II) acetylacetonate (Cu(acac)2) (99.99+%), CuCl (99.99+%), Indium(III) acetylacetonate (In(acac)3) (99.99+%), stearic acid (98.5+%), trioctylphosphine (TOP) (97%), 1-octadecene (ODE) (90%), and CdSO4 (99.999%) were received from Aldrich Chemical Co. (Milwaukee, United States); Oleylamine (OLA) from TCI America (Portland, United States); ethanol (absolute), toluene (99.99%), and ammonium hydroxide (18 M NH3; ACS certified) from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, United States); and thiourea (>99.0%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, United States). Oleylamine was degassed overnight at 110 °C under vacuum. All other chemicals were used without additional purification.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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Indium(iii) acetate [In(Ac)3, 99.99%, Aldrich], zinc acetate [Zn(Ac)2, 99.99%, Aldrich], zinc oxide (ZnO, 99.999%, Aldrich), 1-octadecene (ODE, 90%, Aldrich), sulfur (99.98%, Aldrich), butylamine (99.5%, Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%, Aldrich) oleic acid (OA, 90%, Aldrich), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%, Aldrich), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, >98%, Aldrich), tris(trimethylsilyl)-phosphine [(TMS)3P, 98% Strem Chemicals], palmitic acid (PA, 98%, Tokyo Chemical Industry), n-octylamine (OAm, 98%, Tokyo Chemical Industry), 6-mercapto-1-hexanol (MCH, 97%, Aldrich), and aluminium-doped zinc oxide ink (conductivity: 10−3–10−4 S cm−1, viscosity < 4 mPa s, Aldrich) were used without further purification. Aluminium (Al) wires were purchased from the Nilaco Corporation (Japan). The purity of argon gas was 99.999%. Using an oil rotary vacuum pump, the vacuum conditions of less than 60 Pa were used for degassing and argon gas purge.
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3

Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Materials

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Cadmium acetate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich,
98%), myristic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), selenium (Se, Sigma-Aldrich,
99.99%), tellurium (Te, SigmaAldrich, 99.99%), copper chloride dihydrate
(ACS reagent, 99.8%), zinc acetate trihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%), sodium borohydride
(NaBH4, Sigma-Aldrich, 96%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, Sigma-Aldrich,
technical grade, 90%), 1-octadecene (ODE, Sigma-Aldrich, technical
grade, 90%), oleylamine (technical grade, 70%), sulfur (S, Sigma-Aldrich,
<99.5%), oleic acid (technical grade, Sigma-Aldrich, 90%), cadmium
oxide (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%), and lead oxide (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%).
Hexane (AR grade, 99%), 1,4-butanediol (90%, AR), dextrose (95% anhydrous,
AR), HCl (99%), and HNO3 (98%) were purchased from SD Fine
Chemicals. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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4

Synthesis of Colloidal Nanocrystals

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Copper(i) acetate (CuOAc) (97%), gallium acetylacetonate (Ga(acac)3) (99.99%), 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT) (98%), trioctylphosphine (TOP) (90%), indium(iii) acetate (In(OAc)3) (99.99%), selenium (99.99%), and octadecene (90%) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. All chemicals were used as received.
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5

Quantum Dot Synthesis and Functionalization

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For QD synthesis, 99.95% Cadmium Oxide (CdO, Alfa Aesar), 99.99% Zinc Acetate (ZnAc, Sigma-Aldrich), and 99.99% Indium Acetate (InAc, ACROS Organics) were used for making cation precursors while 99.99% Selenium (Se, pellets, Sigma-Aldrich) and 99.5% Sulfur (S, ACROS Organics) were used for anion precursors. Octadecence (Tech, 90% ODE, Sigma-Aldrich), oleic acid (Tech, 90% OA, Sigma-Aldrich), oleylamine (Tech, 70% Olam, Sigma-Aldrich), 97% trioctylphosphine (TOP, Sigma-Aldrich), and trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO, Sigma-Aldrich) were used as solvents and coordinating ligands during synthesis. Quantum dots were cleaned and stored in organic solutions post-synthesis using hexane (Sigma-Aldrich), chloroform (CHCl3, J.T.Baker), ethanol (EtOH, anhydrous, Sigma-Aldrich), and methanol (MeOH, Sigma-Aldrich). For CL4 synthesis, alpha-lipoic acid (LA, Sigma Aldrich), 97% N,N’-Carbonyldiimidazole (CDI, Alfa Aesar), ethylenediamine (EDA Sigma-Aldrich), methyl acrylate (ACROS Organics), lithium hydroxide (LiOH, Sigma-Aldrich) and sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ACROS Organics) were used. Zinc nitrate hexahydrate, (reagent grade, 98%, Sigma Aldrich) was used for metalated ligand transfer. Buffered solutions were prepared by using phosphate buffered saline packets (pH 7.4, Sigma-Aldrich), sodium citrate dihydrate (Sigma-Aldrich) and citric acid (Fisher Chemicals).
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6

Synthesis of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN, Mw = 150 000) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (USA). CdO (99.9%), oleic acid (OA, 90%), 1-octadecene (1-ODE, 90%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97%), and Se powder (99.99%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. PbO (99.99%), bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide ((TMS)2S, synthesis grade), InCl3 (98%), ZnCl2 (97%), oleylamine (70%), tris(dimethylamino)phosphine (P(DMA)3, 97%), 1-dodecanethiol (DDT, 98%), CuI (99.999%), indium acetate (99.99%), zinc acetate (99.99%), sulfur (99.998%), zinc diethyldithiocarbamate (Zn DDTC, 97%), cadmium acetate (99.995%), ZnO (99.999%), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (98+%), and sodium sulfite (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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7

Synthesis of CoPd Nanoparticles

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Oleylamine (80–90%, Sigma-Aldrich) was distilled under vacuum twice before the reaction. CoPd NPs were synthesized by a modified synthetic procedure which was reported by Mazumder et al. (2012 (link)). 20 mL of Oleylamine were loaded in a three-neck flask and the solution degassed at 403 K for 2 h under the flow of argon. After cooling down to the room temperature, 0.30 mmol of palladium bromide (PdBr2, 99.0 wt%, Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.20 mmol of cobalt acetate (Co(ac)2, 99.995 wt%, Sigma-Aldrich) were added to the solution. The flask was enclosed and quickly heated under the argon flow to 333 K. After reaching this temperature, 0.5 mL of trioctylphosphine (TOP, 97 wt%, Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the solution. The temperature was increased to 533 K and heated for 2 h. Subsequently, the mixture was cooled down to 323 K and the NPs were precipitated with 25 mL of ethanol (absolute, 99.95% Chemsolute GmbH). The CoPd NPs were centrifuged at 12.000 rpm for 20 min, redispersed in hexane and washed twice with 25 mL of ethanol.
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8

Synthesis of Colloidal Quantum Dots

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All materials are commercially available, and were used as received. Gallium acetylacetonate (Ga(acac)3) was purchased from Strem Chemicals (Newburyport, MA, USA). Cadmium oxide, selenium, 1-octadecene, trioctylphosphine (TOP), oleylamine, oleic acid, thioglycolic acid (TGA), trioctylphospine oxide (TOPO), tetradecylphosphonic acid, and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were all purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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9

CdSe/CdS Nanorods and Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis

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For CdSe/CdS NRds: Cadmium oxide (CdO) (Sigma Aldrich 99.99%), sulfur powder (S, Afla Aesar, 99.5%), selenium powder (Strem Chemicals, 99.99%), Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO 99%), trioctylphosphine (TOP, Sigma-Aldrich, 97%), Octadecylphosphonic acid (ODPA, TCI 99%), hexylphosphonic acid -(HPA, TCI 99%), Chloroform (Carlo Erba), ethanol absolute anhydrous (Carlo Erba, 99.9%), methanol (Carlo Erba, 99.8%), acetone (Carlo Erba, 99.8%), n-hexane (Carlo Erba), n-octane (SDS, 99%), toluene (Carlo Erba, 99.3%) and n-octane (SDS, 99%). For Gold NPs: Chlorotriphenylphosphine gold ÄšI) and tertbutylamine borane (STEM chemicals), Dodecanethiol (Sigma-Aldrich), toluene ( Riedel de Haen,98%) and ethanol (Prolabo,99.8%). All reagents were used as received without further purification.
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