Poly lactic co glycolic acid plga

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic
acid (PLGA), curcumin, and sodium chloride (NaCl) were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. The used solvents
(chloroform, methanol, and acetone) were of HPLC grade and obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich.

Ceramide/PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated following the previous research30 (link): 25 mg poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA, Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) and 10 mg Ceramide (Doosan, South Korea) were dissolved in 0.5 ml chloroform (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA), then mixed with 10 ml 2.5% (w/v) polyvinyl alcohol (Junsei, Japan). The resultant sample was subjected to sonication (Sonictopia, South Korea) for 30 s, after which the chloroform was removed by stirring at 4 °C for 24 h. Next, 0.5 ml of 10 mg/ml chitosan (Sigma-Aldrich, MO, USA) dissolved in 1% acetic acid (Daejung, South Korea) was added to each sample and allowed to react for 2 h to develop a chitosan coating on the nanoparticle.

Temozolomide (TMZ) was bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) (50:50, Mw 24,000–38,000) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA; 98% pure) were supplied by Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Iraqi isolate (ICCMGR/Najaf/2013) of the Newcastle disease virus was provided by the Department of Experimental Therapy, Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research (ICCMGR), Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. The viral seeds were stored at −86 °C in a deep freezer. Fertilized eggs were obtained from the Al-Khalil Hatchery, Baghdad, Iraq. Chicken red blood cells were collected from the brachial vein under the right wing of the chicken. The dyes used in the present study (i.e., acridine orange, ethidium bromide and crystal violet) were provided by Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazal-z-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) (Elab Science Biotechnology Inc., USA), trypsin-EDTA, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640, minimum essential medium (MEM), fetal calf serum (FCS), and antibiotics (i.e., ampicillin: 0.5 g; streptomycin: 1 g) were ordered from Biosource International, Nivelles, Belgium.

Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) (M.W.:50–50 kD_a), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), chloroform anhydrous, and fluorescein (free acid) dye were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich for preparation of SRBs. The Harvard apparatus was obtained from Harvard Bioscience (Holliston, MA, USA), and silicone tubing (ID 1/32″) was purchased from Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Laboratory Division (USA) for shaping the SRBs. Brachytherapy needles were purchased from IZI Medical Products (MD, USA) for the intra-tumoral administration of the SRBs. The lung (LLC1) mouse cancer cells (ATCC, USA) were cultured based on standard reported protocols (19 (link)). The monoclonal antibody anti-mouse CD40 (FGK4.5/FGK45) was bought from BioXcell (New-Hampshire, USA). All cell culture products (DMEM, Trypsin, Fetal Bovine Serum, penicillin/streptomycin, PBS pH 7.4) were obtained from Gibco, Thermo Fisher, and Life Technologies (Waltham, MA, USA).

Pluronic F127 and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) (50:50, MW: 24,000–38,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Lecithin (refined) was supplied by Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀), folic acid-conjugated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-3400 (DSPE-PEG₃₄₀₀-FA) and polystyrene microsphere were obtained from Xi’an Ruixi Corporation (Xi’an, China). Cy5-NHS ester and Cy5 free acid were purchased from Lumiprobe, LLC. (Hallandale Beach, FL, USA). Lut was obtained from Meilun Biotechnology Co. (Dalian, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) were provided by HyClone Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). 4′,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and Hydrogen Peroxide Assay Kit (S0038) were purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Streptomycin-penicillin solution was supplied by Solarbio Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). ROS-responsive materials (Oxi-αCD) and Cy5-labeled Oxi-αCD were prepared and characterized as previously reported (Wang et al., 2019 (link); Ni et al., 2020 (link)). The synthesis methods were also listed in the Supporting Information.