Observer xt 9.0 system

Frequencies of the behaviours (rate/minute) were calculated using the Observer XT-9.0 system (Noldus Information Technology, 2009) and then subjected to further statistical analysis. Repeated Analysis of Variances (ANOVAs) were conducted using SPSS 19.0 for Windows statistical software (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL), and a p < .05 was accepted as significant throughout. When Mauchley’s test indicated a violation of the assumption of sphericity, degrees of freedom were corrected using Greenhouse-Geisser sphericity estimates.

Frequencies of the behaviours (rate/minute adjusted for analysed duration) and durations (seconds/adjusted for the analysed duration) calculated by the Observer XT‐9.0 system (Noldus Information Technology, 2009) were used for statistical analysis. SPSS 22.0 for Windows was used for statistical analysis (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL), and a p < .05 was accepted as significant throughout.
First, analyses are reported within each gesture group by condition (section 2). Then analyses are reported of each gesture group by condition within different time windows, i.e. from 0 to 5 s, through to 0 to 150 s (section 3).
Analyses of Variances (MANOVA) were conducted to investigate the effect of the four gesture groups (‘Tongue’, ‘Head tilt with looking up’, ‘Two Fingers’ and ‘Three fingers’) on the frequencies of the movements. When Mauchley's tests indicated a violation of the assumption of sphericity, degrees of freedom were corrected using Greenhouse‐Geisser sphericity estimates. Other than those reported, the other behaviours did not change significantly in the relevant gesture groups. Other than the reported ones, no other post‐hoc comparisons were significant.