Cuso4

The constructed plasmid pET21a-CaCDC42 containing the cdc42 gene of Candida albicans, which served as the template DNA, was recombined and prepared in the College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, China. SYBR® Premix Ex Taq™ II containing Taq DNA polymerase catalyzing the elongation step of DNA replication, dNTPs, ROX Reference Dye II, DNA loading buffer, and SYBR Green II was purchased from Takara Bio Inc. (Dalian, China). The synthetic primers targeting cdc42 were provided by Sangon Biotech Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China) as follows: 5′-GTGATGGTGCCGTTGGTA-3′ (forward) and 5′-CCCTGTTCCTGGGTGATT-3′ (reverse), which produced a piece of DNA containing 397 bp. Thirteen heavy metal salts, ZnCl₂, Pb(NO₃)₂, CdCl₂·2.5H₂O, Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O, HgCl₂, CrCl₃, MnCl₂, CuSO₄, CoCl₂, Ce(NO₃)₃, Sr(NO₃)₂, Bi(NO₃)₃ and K₃Fe(CN)₆ were obtained from Beijing Chemical Reagent Company (Beijing, China). Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), Ethidium bromide (EB), and agarose was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). The DNA replication reactions in vitro were fulfilled and monitored using the Real-time PCR System ABI7500 (Applied Biosystems™, USA).

Citric acid was purchased from Tiantian Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). p-phenylenediamine was obtained from Aladdin Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Phenylalanine, arginine, glycine, threonine, aspartate, tryptophan, glutamate, and tyrosine were purchased from Tianjin Institute of Fine Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). KCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, NaCl, MnSO₄, SrCl₂, CdSO₄, NiSO₄, and Fe₂(SO₄)₃ were obtained from Tianjin Kaitong Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). CuSO₄, HgCl₂, PbSO₄, ZnCl₂, AlCl₃, HCl, NaOH, and anhydrous ethanol were acquired from Beijing Chemical Plant (Beijing, China). Quinine sulfate was acquired from Beijing Enoch Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All chemicals were analytical pure, and the experimental water was ultrapure water. Fetal bovine serum was obtained from Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Zhejiang, China).

Myricetin, morin, and apigenin were purchased from TCI Development Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China); 4-morpholineethanesulfonic acid (MES, >99.9%), glutathione, and all amino acids (AAs, >99.9%) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent. HAuCl₄·3H₂O, AlCl₃·6H₂O, and CuSO₄ were purchased from Beijing Chemical Factory (Beijing, China) and the purities of these were higher than 99%. All these chemicals were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. Distilled water (ρ = 18.2 MΩ·cm, 25 °C) was obtained from a water purification system (Millipore Milli-Q), while the 10 mM MES-NaOH buffer (pH = 6.0) was prepared with 10 mM MES and NaOH in such water.