Fmoc-amino acids, p-toluene sulfonic acid, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine, and 1-bromo tetradecane were delivered from Sigma Aldrich. The organic solvents and chemicals, including ethanolamine, potassium carbonate, piperidine, dimethylformamide (DMF), methylene dichloride (DCM), and ethyl acetate, were purchased from Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd., and Finar Limited. Molecular mass analyses were performed by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using Agilent Q-TOF 6230, and the purity of final lipids was characterized by HPLC (Shimadzu LC Solution). 1H-NMR (400 MHz) and 13C-NMR (101 MHz) spectra were recorded on Bruker AVANCE spectrometer, with TMS as an internal standard. DOPE (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Agarose and 6× loading dye were purchased from Hi-media, India. All chemicals for biological applications were procured from Merck, Sigma-Aldrich, Thermo Fischer Scientific, and Invitrogen.
Ethyl acetate
Manufactured by Spectrochem
Sourced in India
Ethyl acetate is a colorless, volatile organic compound with a characteristic sweet, fruity odor. It is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Methanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
4 dimethylaminopyridine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide dcc, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P toluenesulfonic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fmoc amino acids, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 bromotetradecane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Lc solution, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Avance spectrometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Agarose, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Piperidine, by Spectrochem (1 mentions)
Ethanolamine, by Spectrochem (1 mentions)
0.45 μm membrane filter, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Foetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Guanosine 5 triphosphate sodium salt hydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Spectrochem (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Spectrochem (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole dihydrochloride dapi, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using ethyl acetate
1
Synthetic Lipid Nanoparticle Preparation
2
Quantitative HPLC Analysis of EFV and TDF
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EFV and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) were the generous gifts from M/s Sun Pharma Ltd. Sikkim, India and Paradise Healthcare, Nandeshari, Vadodara, Gujarat, India respectively. HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, water and potassium phosphate monobasic (AR grade) were procured from Merck, Mumbai, India. Ortho-phosphoric acid and ethyl acetate were obtained from Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India. All other chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade. Prior to use, mobile phase was filtered through a 0.45 μm membrane filter (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Pooled human plasma from 20 people was obtained from Parul Sevashram Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India with due certification of approval from the hospital on ethical considerations (PSH/5/11/15/01).
3
Biochemical Assays and Cell Culture
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Potassium carbonate, Ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetraacetic acid (EGTA), 4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), Guanosine-5′-triphosphate sodium salt hydrate (GTP), 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), MES, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride (DAPI), Trypsin–EDTA solution, Dimethylsulfoxide for cell culture, Formaldehyde solution for molecular biology, and Propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. DMSO, Potassium chloride, Ethyl acetate, Chloroform and Hexane were purchased from Spectrochem. Polyphosphoric acid, TritonX-100 and 2-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazin-1-yl] ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) was purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd. (SRL). Penicillin–streptomycin and foetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen. Cover glass bottom dishes were purchased from ibidi. All the deuterated solvents were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. All compounds were used without further purification.
4
Quantitative Analysis of Carotenoids
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Vehicle control corn oil (Cat No. C8267) was procured from Merck (Merck Life Sciences Pvt Ltd, Bangalore, India). n-hexane (CAS 110–54–3, Cat No. 01082), ethyl acetate (CAS 141–78–6, Cat No. 010520) were procured from Spectrochem (Spectrochem Private Limited, Mumbai, India). Potassium hydroxide (CAS 1310–58–3, Cat No. 221473) was procured from Merck (Merck Life Science Pvt Ltd, Bangalore India). Capsanthin reference standard (Cat No. 19081, Lot# BCCC6238) was procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich, Inc., St. Louis, USA). Tropicamide 1% Eye drops (Intas Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, India) procured from a local pharmacy. Hematology analyzer calibration standard Minocal Calibrator (Cat No. 2032002, Lot No. 437) procured from Horiba (Horiba medical, Irvine, USA) and Clinical chemistry analyzer calibration standard Randox L2 (Human sera L2, Cat. No. HS2611, Lot No. 1221UN) procured from Randox (Randox Laboratories, London, England).
5
Efavirenz-Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Formulation
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Efavirenz and Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate were obtained as gift sample from M/S Sun Pharma Ltd., Sikkim, India, and from Paradise Healthcare, Vadodara, India, respectively. Lipids like glyceryl tripalmitate (tripalmitin), glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl tristearate, and surfactants—poloxamers (Pluronic F68 and Pluronic F127)—were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Compritol 888 ATO (glyceryl behenate) was obtained from Gattefosse, France. Solvents like acetonitrile and methanol were purchased from Merck and ethyl acetate from Spectrochem Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, India.
6
Formulation and Evaluation of DCT Nanoparticles
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DCT was purchased from Swapnroop Drugs Pvt. Ltd., India. Polyglycolyzed glycerides (Capryol 90, Labrasol, Transcutol HP and Gelucire 44/14) were received as generous gifts from Gattefosse, India. Tocopherol polyethylene glycol α succinate (Vit E TPGS) was purchased from Sigma, India. Taxotere was purchased from Sanofi-Aventis. Ethyl acetate and methyl-ter-butyl ether (TBME) were purchased from Spectrochem, India. Methanol and acetonitrile were high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) grade and supplied from Sigma, India. All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical or HPLC grade.
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