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Multi ea 4000

Manufactured by Analytik Jena
Sourced in Germany

The Multi EA 4000 is an elemental analyzer designed for the determination of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total sulfur in a wide range of sample types. It utilizes combustion and infrared detection principles to provide accurate and reliable results.

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8 protocols using multi ea 4000

1

Accurate Measurement of Mercury in Sediments

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For mercury measurements, we used a DMA-80 analyzer from MLS Company. Data were calibrated against CRM (BCR) 142R certified reference material and SRM 2709 soil standard using 5 concentration steps covering a range from 5 to 500 ng Hg. Sample weights were 100 mg. The CaCO3 content was calculated using the sediments total inorganic carbon content (TIC). The TIC was measured using 100 mg of freeze-dried sediment that was diluted with 40% H3PO4 and incinerated at 1200 °C on a Multi EA4000 from Analytikjena.
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2

Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition Dynamics

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The substrate quantity included the SOC and SIC contents. The SOC content was analyzed using an elemental analyzer (Multi EA 4000, Analytik Jena, Germany) after inorganic C was removed with 1 M HCl. SIC was determined by a pressure calcimeter method71 . Briefly, 0.5 g of soil was mixed with 2 mL 6 M HCl and reacted in a closed reaction vessel. Two hours later, the pressure was determined using the pressure transducer and voltage meter, and then the carbonate concentration was calculated using a calibration curve, which was obtained in the same way using known quantities of CaCO3. The SIC content was finally determined by multiplying by a coefficient of 0.12, which is the mass proportion of C in calcium carbonate. The substrate availability was indicated by the C availability index, which was defined as the ratio of the basal respiration to the substrate-induced respiration24 (link). A 60 g L−1 glucose solution was added for the substrate-induced respiration, and deionized water was added in the same manner for the basal respiration rate; respiration rates at 20 °C were estimated for the added glucose and ambient-substrate treatments. The substrate quality was indicated by SOC decomposability (DSOC), that is the SOC decomposition rate per unit of SOC content per hour. DSOC was calculated by the ratio of B (the parameter from Eq. (4)) to SOC content.
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3

Multimodal Characterization of Environmental Samples

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The cation and anion concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (CAP6300, Thermo, USA) and ion chromatography (ICS1100, Dionex, USA), respectively. AsTot and FeTot in the sediments were extracted by 1:1 aqua regia digestion method in a water bath [27 ]. Pre-separated As(III) and As(V) from hot spring waters and extracted AsTot from sediments were determined using liquid chromatography-hydride generation -atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-HG-AFS, Haiguang AFS-9780, Beijing) according to Jiang et al. [25 (link)]. Extracted FeTot from sediments was determined by the 1,10-Phenanthroline-based assay: 10 mL extracted solutions was mixed with 5 mL acetate-sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.6), 2.5 mL 1% hydroxylamine hydrochloride solution and 5 mL 0.1% 1,10-phenanthroline solution in 50 mL volumetric flask. The mixtures were made up to a volume of 50 mL with deionized water and allowed to stand for 10 min. The absorbance of each solution at 510 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer (UV1750, Shimadzu, Japan). Dissolved organic carton (DOC) of water samples and total organic carbon (TOC) of sediment samples were determined using a TOC analyzer (TOC-VCPH, Shimadzu, Japan) and a Macro elemental analyzer (Multi EA 4000, Analytik Jena, Germany), respectively.
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4

Soil Physicochemical Impacts on Permafrost Carbon

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We measured soil physicochemical properties to illustrate the effects of edaphic variables on permafrost C release and Q10. Specifically, we determined soil moisture of the permafrost samples by drying fresh soils at 105°C and weighing before and after drying. We analyzed soil texture by a particle size analyzer (Malvern Masterizer 2000, Malvern, Worcestershire, UK) after removal of organic matter and carbonates to acquire the contents of clay, silt, and sand (48 (link)). We also determined soil pH in a 1:2.5 soil-to-water mixture and SOC content by an element analyzer (Multi EA 4000, Analytik Jena, Germany) after removing inorganic C.
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5

Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

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The physical properties of POM and MAOM and the SOC associated with Ca bridges (OC-Ca) and Fe oxides (OC-Fe) were determined. A fractionation technique was adopted to estimate the SOC stored in the POM and MAOM fractions. Air-dried soil was separated into light and high-density fractions with sodium polytungstate solution (1.60 g cm−3)66 (link); the high-density fractions were then wet sieved to collect POM (>53 μm) and MAOM (<53 μm)67 (link). Moreover, to determine OC-Ca and OC-Fe contents68 (link), the high-density fractions were extracted using 0.5 M Na2SO4 to release OC-Ca; the remaining residues were then extracted with citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite and sodium chloride for the treatment and control groups, respectively, and the differences in SOC content between the two groups were treated as the OC-Fe measurements. The SOC contents in these fractionations were ultimately determined using an elemental analyzer (Multi EA 4000, Analytik Jena, Germany) after inorganic C was removed with 1 M HCl.
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6

Comprehensive Aquatic Characterization Protocols

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Cation and anion concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (CAP6300, Thermo, USA) and ion chromatography (ICS1100, Dionex, USA), respectively. Arsenic concentrations were determined using liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (LC-HG-AFS, Haiguang AFS-9780, Beijing)33 (link). Thioarsenic species were identified using Q Exactive, a high resolution quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometer (Thermo Scientific, Germany), by detecting the accurate mass and matching the isotope abundance. DOC of water samples were determined using a TOC analyzer (TOC-VCPH, Shimadzu, Japan). As and Fe in the sediments were extracted by 1:1 aqua regia digestion in a water bath45 . Extracted Fe from sediments was determined by a 1,10-Phenanthroline-based assay: 10 mL extracted solutions were mixed with 5 mL acetate-sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.6), 2.5 mL 1% hydroxylamine hydrochloride and 5 mL 0.1% 1,10-phenanthroline solution in a 50 mL volumetric flask. The mixture was brought up to a volume of 50 mL with deionized water and allowed to stand for 10 min. The absorbance of each solution at 510 nm was measured with a spectrophotometer (UV1750, Shimadzu, Japan). TOC of sediment samples was measured with a Macro elemental analyzer (Multi EA 4000, Analytik Jena, Germany) after inorganic carbon was digested using HCl.
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7

Physicochemical Characterization of Azo Compounds

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NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance III 500 (1H: 500 MHz, 13C: 125 MHz) and Bruker Avance III HD 600 MHz (1H: 600 MHz, 13C: 150 MHz) NMR instruments (Bruker Biospin, Ettlingen, Germany). Melting points were determined in open capillary tubes using a STUART SMP3 electric melting point apparatus (Bibby Sterilin Ltd., Stone, UK) and are uncorrected. Elemental analysis was performed with a multi EA 4000 (Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany) device.
Absorption spectra of all azo derivatives were recorded using a Jasco V-660 spectrometer (Jasco Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) in the 200–800 nm range, at room temperature, in a 1 cm quartz cuvette.
Fluorescence emission of the azo derivatives was measured on powder, using a OceanInsight XDH spectrometer (OceanInsight, Orlando, FL, USA) modular device coupled via optical fiber to a LED source emitting at 365 nm on reflection mode, and in solution using a Jasco V850 spectro-fluorimeter (Jasco Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). FTIR spectra were collected using a Tensor 37 Bruker equipment (Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA) instrument within the spectral range 400–4000 cm−1, with 32 scans at a resolution of 4 cm−1. Sample pellets were prepared by adding azo dye powder to KBr powder.
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8

Elemental Analysis of Sediment Samples

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About 10–17 mg of the sediments were weighted into tin crucibles, a spatula tip of vanadium(V) oxide (Alpha Resources, Stevensville, MI, United States) was added as catalyzer and total C, total N, and total S were determined by an elemental analyzer (EuroEA, HEKAtech, Wegberg, Germany). For total inorganic carbon, 50–70 mg of sediment was treated with 40% orthophosphoric acid and analyzed with an elemental analyzer (multiEA 4000, Analytik Jena, Jena, Germany). Total organic carbon was calculated by subtracting total inorganic carbon from total carbon. Precision and trueness were checked with in-house standards [Mecklenburg Bay Sediment Standard (MBSS), Oder Bay Sediment Standard (OBSS)] and were <3.5% (Häusler et al., 2018 (link)).
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