In the subsequent experiments, Ang II at 600 nM was used to induce cell hypertrophy. H9c2 cells were randomly allocated into four different groups: Control, Ang II, Ang II + quercetin (331 μM) [36 (link)], and Ang II + rutin (50 µM) [38 (link)]. The cells were treated with Ang II alone or in combination with either quercetin or rutin for 24 h. The final DMSO concentration used as a vehicle for quercetin and rutin was less than 0.1% [19 (link)]. The concentration of the flavonoids was selected according to the effective concentration reported to reduce cell hypertrophy and cardiac injury in H9c2 cells [36 (link),38 (link)]. Both quercetin (Q4951) and rutin (R5143) were commercially obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
Rutin r5143
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
Rutin (R5143) is a naturally occurring flavonoid compound that is extracted from various plant sources. It serves as a functional ingredient for laboratory research purposes.
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2 protocols using rutin r5143
1
Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy
2
Flavonoids Modulate Microglial Activation
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Rutin (R5143) and quercetin (Q4951) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. For treatments, they were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma, USA) at a concentration of 100 mM and stored in the dark at -4 °C. Twenty-four hours after cell plating, the culture media were changed for fresh medium without serum. The flavonoids were added directly into the fresh media at a final concentration of 50 μM or equivalent volume of DMSO (0.05%) and analyzed after 24 or 48 h. Control cultures treated with DMSO (0.05%) showed no significant effect on the parameters analyzed compared to cells that did not receive the diluent. In some cases, cultures were treated for 24 h with 1 μg/mL LPS (Sigma Aldrich, USA) to induce an M1 pro-inflammatory microglial profile and were considered as positive control.
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