Anaerobic culture supernatants were stored at −20°C until they could be analyzed by gas chromatography. A 1 ml portion of culture supernatant was centrifuged at 14,000 × g to remove solids. An aliquot of the supernatant (450 μl) was then mixed with 50 μl of GC reagent (50 mM 4-methyl-valeric acid, 5% meta-phosphoric acid, 1.6 mg/ml copper sulfate). This mixture was allowed to incubate at 25°C for 10 min and subsequently centrifuged at 14,000 × g. The supernatant was transferred to a fresh tube and 1 μl was loaded into a Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph (Kyoto, Japan) fitted with a 30 m × 0.25 mm BP21 glass capillary column with 0.25 mm film thickness (SGE, Austin, TX, USA) operated at 100 kPa He carrier gas pressure, with 170 kPa H2, Ar, and air pressure, at 100°C for 3 min, followed by a temperature gradient of 4°C/min to 120°C, holding at 120°C for 1 min, followed by a further gradient of 3°C/min to 150°C. The SPL was maintained at 220°C with split ratio = 30. FID was maintained at 230°C. Carrier gas flow rate was set to 30 ml/min. A 1:100 mixture of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids was serially diluted, mixed with GC reagent, and used as standards. Peak areas were normalized for loading differences using the valeric acid internal control from the GC reagent.
2010 gas chromatograph
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph is a laboratory instrument designed for the separation and analysis of complex mixtures of volatile compounds. It features a high-performance column and sensitive detectors to provide accurate and reliable results.
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Lab products found in correlation
3000h sem, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (1 mentions)
Ir prestige 21, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Uv 2600 spectrophotometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Db 5ms column, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
Hp innowax capillary column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
Hp innowax column, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
13 protocols using 2010 gas chromatograph
1
Quantification of Short-Chain Fatty Acids
2
Comprehensive Food Composition Analysis
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Moisture and ash contents of wheat flour, TP, and crackers were determined according to methods ISO 665:2020 [19 ] and ISO 5984:2002 [20 ], respectively; protein content was assessed by the modified Lowry method, as described in Mæhre et al. [21 (link)]; lipid concentration was tested according to Soxhlet method ISO 136 [22 ]; and fibre content (soluble, insoluble, and total) was assessed as in method 32–07.01 [23 ]. Total carbohydrate content was computed by subtracting protein, lipid, and ash from the total. The results are reported as g/100 g dry matter (DM).
Identification of fatty acids in tomato pomace was performed using a Shimadzu-2010 gas chromatograph (Kyoto, Japan). The assay was performed with a CP7420 capillary column (100 × 0.25 mm, i.d. 0.2 μm, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) with carrier gas (hydrogen) and make-up gas (nitrogen). A gas chromatographic oven with five-step temperature program was used. All the analyses were performed in duplicate.
Identification of fatty acids in tomato pomace was performed using a Shimadzu-2010 gas chromatograph (Kyoto, Japan). The assay was performed with a CP7420 capillary column (100 × 0.25 mm, i.d. 0.2 μm, Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) with carrier gas (hydrogen) and make-up gas (nitrogen). A gas chromatographic oven with five-step temperature program was used. All the analyses were performed in duplicate.
3
Characterization and Catalytic Evaluation of Rh Nanoparticles on Fullerene-C60
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TEM (JEOL JEM 2100F) instrument was operated at accelerating voltage of 200 kV to record the surface morphology of Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60. Park System model XE100 AFM was used to capture the 1D and 3D AFM images of fullerene-C60 and Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 in a non-contact mode. Metal loading and elements present in Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 were determined by EDS analysis (Hitachi 3000H SEM). Crystalline property of samples was studied by using XRD (Rigaku Ultima XRD) and the Raman spectra were recorded on LabRam ARAMIS IR2. Chemical property of the fullerene-C60 and Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was investigated by XPS analysis using a Kratos Axis-Ultra DLD, Kratos Analytical Ltd, Japan. FTIR (IR Prestige-21, Shimadzu, Japan) spectra were recorded for both fullerene-C60 and Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60. Catalytic performance of fullerene-C60 and Rh(0)NPs/Fullerene-C60 was studied by UV-vis (Shimadzu UV-2600 spectrophotometer) spectra and GC analysis (Shimadzu-2010 gas chromatograph). NMR (400 MHz Bruker spectrometer) spectra were recorded for the catalytic products.
4
Synthesis and Purification of Compound A8
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The crude A7 (10 g) was added into 2,2- dimethoxypropane (30 mL). After adding p-toluenesulfonic acid (0.25 g) to initiate the reaction, the solution was stirred for 30 min at room temperature. Then sodium bicarbonate solution (100 mM, 50 mL) was added, and the mixture was extracted twice with EtOAc (100 mL each). The organic layer was washed over saturated brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated to afford crude A8 as a white powder (11.4 g, 92% purity, 79% yield). After recrystallization using petroleum ether as the solvent, 9.9 g of A8 with 99% purity proven by gas chromatography (GC) was obtained. The GC analysis was run on the Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph equipped with a DB-5MS column (30 m × 250 μm), with a flame ionization detector and using nitrogen as carrier gas. The oven temperture program was initiated at 130 °C and raise up to 200 °C at 5.0 °C/min; hold 8.0 min and raise to 230 °C at 20.0 °C/min, then hold 16.5 min. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ 1.40(s, 9 H), 1.41(s, 6 H), 1.48–1.73(dd, 2 H), 2.26–2.51(d, 2 H), 2.41–2.66(d, 2 H), 3.8(m, 1 H), 4.43(m, 1 H). MS(ESI)m/z:(M + H) = 270.1
5
Chemical Composition Analysis of Carum and Thymus Oils
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The percentage composition of oils of C. copticum and T. vulgaris was determined by GC-FID and the compounds were identified by GC-MS. GC analysis was carried out on a Shimadzu 2010 Gas Chromatograph equipped with an FID and 25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm WCOT column coated with diethylene glycol (AB-Innowax, 7031428, Japan). Injector temperature was set at 270 °C and detector at 280 °C. Nitrogen was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min at a column pressure of 74.9 kPa. 0.2 μL of sample were injected into column with a split ratio of 90.0. The linear temperature program of 60 °C to 230 °C set at a rate of 3 °C/min with hold time at 230 °C for 10 min. The samples were than analyzed on the same Shimadzu instrument fitted with the same column and following the same temperature program as above. MS parameters used were: ionisation voltage (EI) 70eV, peak width 2 s, mass range 40–600 amu and detector voltage 1.5 V. Results were based on GC-FID. Peak identification was carried out by comparison of the mass spectra with database of NIST05 and Wiley8 libraries. Identification of compounds was confirmed by comparison of their relative retention indices with literature values (Davies, 1990 ).
6
GC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Oils
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The percentage composition of oils and compounds was determined by GC-FID and the compounds were identified by GC-MS. GC analysis was carried out on a Shimadzu 2010 Gas Chromatograph equipped with an FID and 25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm WCOT column coated with diethylene glycol (AB-Innowax, 7031428, Japan). Injector temperature was set at 270°C and detector at 280°C. Nitrogen was used as a carrier gas at a flow rate of 3.0 ml/min at a column pressure of 74.9 kPa. 0.2 μL of sample were injected into column with a split ratio of 90.0. The linear temperature program of 60°C to 230°C set at a rate of 3°C min−1 with hold time at 230°C for 10 minutes. The samples were then analyzed on the same Shimadzu instrument fitted with the same column and following the same temperature program as above. MS parameters used were: ionisation voltage (EI) 70 eV, peak width 2 s, mass range 40–600 amu and detector voltage 1.5 V. Results were based on GC-FID. Peak identification was carried out by comparison of the mass spectra with database of NIST05, NBS75K and Wiley 8 libraries. Identification of compounds was confirmed by comparison of their relative retention indices relative to (C8–C22) n-alkanes with literature data or authentic compounds [36 –38 ].
7
GC-FID Analysis of n-Alkanes
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For the apolar fractions, a total of 40 samples in this study, mainly containing n-alkanes, were all investigated utilizing a Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID) and a DB-5 fused silica capillary column (60 m 0.32 mm 0.25 μm film thickness) with helium as the carrier gas. The temperature of the GC oven was enhanced from 70 to 300 °C at a rate of 3 °C/min. Then, this temperature (300 °C) was maintained for 30 min. Finally, the concentrations of the n-alkane homologs were evaluated by assessing the peak area of the n-alkanes to that of the internal standard (cholane).
8
GC-FID and GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oils
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The percentage composition of essential oil was determined by GC-FID and the compounds were identified by GC-MS. GC analysis was carried out on a Shimadzu 2010 Gas Chromatograph equipped 2010 Gas Chromatograph equipped with an FID and 25 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm WCOT column coated with diethylene glycol (AB-Innowax, 7031428, Japan). Both injector and detector (FID) temperatures were maintained at 260 °C. Helium was used as carrier gas at a flow rate of 3.0 mL/min at a column pressure of 152 kPa. Samples (0.2 μL) were injected into the column with a split ratio of 100:1. Component separation was achieved following a linear temperature program of 60–260 °C at 3 °C/min and then held at 260 °C for 10 min, with a total run time of 76 min. The percentage composition was calculated using peak normalization method assuming equal detector response. The samples were then analysed on same Shimadzu instrument fitted with the same column and following the same temperature program as above and the MS parameters used were: Ionisation Voltage (EI) 70 eV, peak width 2 s, mass range 40–700 m/z and detector voltage 1.5 V. Peak identification was carried out by comparison of the mass spectra with mass spectra available on database of NIST05, WILEY8 libraries and those of pure standards.
9
Camelina Seed Oil Fatty Acid Analysis
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Oil content analysis was performed using the Ankom XT15 Soxhlet Extraction System according to the method reported by AOCS 5-04 (Anon, 2020c). The fatty acid analysis was performed using Shimadzu 2010 Gas Chromatograph (Kurt et al., 2011) . The capillary column was 20mx0.25mm with a film thickness of 0.10 µm. Nitrogen (N2) gas was used as the carrier gas, the pressure of the carrier gas was set to 175 kPa colon. Injection, detector, and oven temperatures were 250, 260, and 190 °C, respectively. Software GC solution was used for data analysis. Quantitative analysis of FA in camelina samples was accomplished by comparison with FAME Mix standard. The conversation from FAME to fatty acids was performed using coefficient, which was calculated as the ratio of the molecular weight of fatty acid to the molecular weight of fatty acid methyl ester.
10
Chiral Product Enantiopurity Analysis
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The product was assayed for the e.e. values and yield using a Shimadzu 2010 gas chromatograph (Japan) equipped with a flame ionization detector and an HP-Chiral-10B (30 m × 0.25 mm, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) chiral column. The carrier gas in GC analysis was nitrogen. The initial reaction rates were calculated according to the generated amount of product within a 30 min reaction. All experiments were repeated at least twice. The relative standard deviation was to be not be greater than 1%, and the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.
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