Hplc grade water

Rink Amide Protide resin (0.58 mmol/g), ethyl 2-cyano-2-(hydroxyimino) acetate (Oxyma Pure), and 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) amino acids were purchased from CEM Co (Matthews, NC, USA). Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, ceftazidime, oxacillin, tobramycin, SYPRO red, Nile red, FITC-Con A, DAPI, crystal violet, triisopropylsilane, 2,2′-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol, trifluoroacetic acid, and N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC-grade water, acetonitrile, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were bought from Daejung chemicals and metals Co., Ltd. (Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea). Other chemicals used were of American Chemical Society reagent grade and used as received without any further purification.

Cell growth was analyzed by measuring the optical density at 600 nm using a BioPhotometer plus (Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany). The solvent and acid concentrations generated by the culture were measured using a gas chromatograph (Agilent Technologies 7890A, Santa Clara, CA, USA) equipped with a flame ionization detector. Nitrogen gas was used as the carrier gas, and the column was a BP21 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 μm) (SGE Analytical Science, Melrose Park, NSW, Australia). The temperatures of the injector and detector were kept at 250°C, and the oven temperature was programmed to be held initially at 50°C for 1 min, followed by an increase from 50°C to 240°C at a rate of 20°C/min. The glucose concentration was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (Agilent Technologies 1200 series, Santa Clara, CA, USA) with a Bio-Rad Aminex HPX-87P column (300 × 7.8 mm) (Hercules, CA, USA). The temperature for the column was 80°C and HPLC-grade water (DAEJUNG Chemicals, Siheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea) was used as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min.