Human GES-1 control gastric mucosal cells and the MGC-803, AGS, MKN-45, SGC-7901, and HGC-27 GC cell lines were from GeneChem (Shanghai, China) and were grown at 37°C in a humidi ed 5% CO 2 incubator in RPMI-1640 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin. qPCR TRIzol (Invitrogen, USA) was utilized to extract total cell RNA to conduct qPCR as in prior reports [13] , with GAPDH and U6 being used as normalization controls. Primers used in this study were from RiboBio (Guangzhou, China). Primer sequences were as follows:
HOXA-AS3 forward: 5′-ACCAAAGATTCCGTTTTCAAGG-3′; HOXA-AS3 reverse: 5′-TGCCCACAATAGAGTGTATGCC-3′; LTβR forward: 5′-ATGCGCCCGCCTTGGGCC -3′; LTβR reverse: 5′-TCAGAGGGAGTGGCAGC -3′ miR-29a-3p forward: 5′-CTGAGTTTCTATTTAGACACTACAACA-3′; miR-29a-3p reverse: 5′-ACAATTTGACATGTGGCATTAACG-3′; GAPDH forward: 5′-AGAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTTG-3′; GAPDH reverse: 5′-AGGGGCCATCCACAGTCTTC-3′.
U6 forward: 5′-AGCGGGAAATCGTGCGTGACA-3′; U6 reverse: 5′-GTGGACTFGGGAGAGGACTGG-3′
HOXA-AS3 forward: 5′-ACCAAAGATTCCGTTTTCAAGG-3′; HOXA-AS3 reverse: 5′-TGCCCACAATAGAGTGTATGCC-3′; LTβR forward: 5′-ATGCGCCCGCCTTGGGCC -3′; LTβR reverse: 5′-TCAGAGGGAGTGGCAGC -3′ miR-29a-3p forward: 5′-CTGAGTTTCTATTTAGACACTACAACA-3′; miR-29a-3p reverse: 5′-ACAATTTGACATGTGGCATTAACG-3′; GAPDH forward: 5′-AGAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTTG-3′; GAPDH reverse: 5′-AGGGGCCATCCACAGTCTTC-3′.
U6 forward: 5′-AGCGGGAAATCGTGCGTGACA-3′; U6 reverse: 5′-GTGGACTFGGGAGAGGACTGG-3′