Anhydrous calcium chloride

Pectin (63–66% degree of esterification, Mw = 30,000–100,000 g/mol), polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG₄₀₀), zinc nitrate, and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate were purchased from Loba Chemie, India. Anhydrous calcium chloride and sodium chloride were provided by Fisher Scientific, UK. Microbiological media, including Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), Mueller–Hinton Agar (MH), Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar (XLD), and Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), were provided by HiMedia (India). All solvents were of analytical grade and obtained from recognized chemical suppliers.

Sesame oil, glyceryl trioctanoate, polyoxyethylenesorbitan trioleate (Tween^® 85, Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK), polyethylene glycol sorbitan monooleate (Tween^® 80), sorbitan monolaurate (Span^® 20, Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK), d-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS), sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH, 1 M), l-α-phosphatidylcholine (~60%, from egg yolk), Trizma^® (Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) maleate, sodium taurocholate hydrate, pancreatin from porcine pancreas (8 × USP specifications), sodium taurocholate hydrate, probucol, 4,4-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and serum triglyceride determination kit were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Sodium chloride and anhydrous calcium chloride were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK). Cannabidiol (CBD, ≥98%) was purchased from THC Pharm (Frankfurt, Germany). Rat plasma was purchased from Sera Laboratories International (West Sussex, UK). All solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Leicester, UK), and were of HPLC grade.