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7 protocols using ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate

1

Daunorubicin Extraction from Navel Orange Peels

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In this study, deionized water was taken from a Millipore-Q water system (Burlington, MA, USA), while all reagents used were of analytical grade and used as purchased with no additional purification. Daunorubicin (DNB) was purchased from Biosynth® Carbosynth Ltd. (Compton, Berkshire, UK). Hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate (NH4Fe(SO4)2·12H2O), and ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2·6H2O) were procured from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Navel orange peels were obtained from a juice store in Doha, Qatar.
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2

Bathophenanthroline-Based Iron Quantification

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The amount of iron present in purified protein was determined by using bathophenanthroline as described earlier [17 (link)]. Briefly, 50 μl of a known amount of protein was denatured using 15 μl of 38% HCl at 100°C for 15 min, and centrifuged to pellet insoluble material. The control reaction contained only protein storage buffer. The supernatant was collected, neutralized with 650 μl, 0.5 M Tris-HCl (pH 8.5) and freshly prepared 50 μl of 5% ascorbic acid and 200 μl of 0.1% [w/v] bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid disodium salt (Sigma) were added. After incubation at room temperature for 1 h, absorbance was measured at 535 nm. The iron concentration was calculated by employing a standard curve set up with ferrous ammonium sulfate hexa hydrate of known concentration (Sigma). The assay was performed three times.
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3

Carbon-ion Irradiation of Ferrous Xylenol Gel

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Ferrous xylenol gel was made in a T-175 cell culture flask containing: 4% (wt) gelatin 300 Bloom from porcine skin (Sigma, St Louis, MO, Type Ag 2500), 50 mM sulfuric acid, 1 mM ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (Sigma), 0.1 mM xylenol orange (Sigma), and 96% Milli-Q water. After gel solidified, flask was irradiated at a dosage of 20 Gy monoenergetic 290 MeV/n carbon-ion beam. Carbon-ion beam entered from bottom (non-capped end), as described in the irradiation procedure and cell survival assays. 30 min following irradiation, flask was scanned to capture image.
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4

Colorimetric Determination of Iron

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Ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2.6H2O), horse spleen apoferritin in 0.15 M NaCl, ethanol (C2H6O), horse spleen ferritin in 0.15 M NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3-[(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (AMPSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), trimethylamine N-oxide (Me3NO), L-ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), riboflavin (C17H20N4O6), ferrozine, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were obtained from SIGMA-Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO, USA); Coomassie brilliant blue G 250 was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); hydrochloric acid (HCl) from ITES (Vranov nad Toplou, Slovakia); potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) from Slavus (Bratislava, Slovakia); phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and ethanol (C2H6O) from Centralchem (Bratislava, Slovakia); and distilled water.
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5

Iron Quantification via Ferritin Detection

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Ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate ((NH4)2Fe(SO4)2·6H2O), equine spleen apoferritin in 0.15 M NaCl, ethanol (C2H5sOH), horse spleen ferritin in 0.15 M NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3-[(1,1-dimethyl-2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid (AMPSO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and trimethylamine N-oxide (Me3NO) were obtained from SIGMA-Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO, USA); Coomassie brilliant blue from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland); hydrochloric acid (HCl) from ITES (Vranov nad Toplou, Slovakia); potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) from Slavus (Bratislava, Slovakia); phosphoric acid (H3PO4) from Centralchem (Bratislava, Slovakia), and demineralized water.
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6

Preparation and Standardization of Iron Solutions

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All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade, and deionized water was used for the preparation of all solutions throughout the experiment. A stock standard solution of iron (II) at 1000 mg L−1 was prepared by dissolving 0.7022 g of ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate (Sigma-Aldrich, England) in water containing 1.0% (v/v) concentrated sulfuric acid (BDH, England); then, the volume was adjusted to 100 mL. The stock standard solution of iron (III) at 1000 mg L−1 was prepared in the same way with 0.1 g of ferric chloride (BDH, England). A series of working standard solutions were prepared daily by diluting the stock standard solution to the desired concentrations. Acetate buffer (0.2 M, 500 mL) pH 4.8 was prepared by dissolving 7.21 g of sodium Acetate trihydrate (Carlo Erba, Italy) in water containing 2.72 mL of acetic acid (Carlo Erba, Italy).
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7

Protein-Ligand Binding Assay Protocol

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Human serum albumin (HSA) fatty acid free and essentially globulin free (A3782), bovine serum albumin (BSA) fatty acid free and essentially globulin free (A7030), methyl vanillate, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH), 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (pyranine), potassium persulfate, ammonium ferrous sulfate hexahydrate, warfarin, ibuprofen, dansylglycine, and phenylbutazone were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Stock solutions of warfarin, ibuprofen, phenylbutazone, methyl vanillate and its dimer dimethyl divanillate (10 mmol L−1) were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide. From the stock solutions, working solutions (1 mmol L−1 or less) were prepared in 50 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer at pH 7.0. HSA was dissolved in 50 mmol L−1 phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 to give a 1 mmol L−1 stock solution.
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