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41 protocols using pac 1 fitc

1

Platelet Activation Measurement Protocol

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PRP, pre‐incubated with PAM or vehicle, as described earlier, was incubated with PGI2, DEA/NONOate or vehicle and then activated with TRAP‐6 (25 μm) with gentle mixing at 37 °C. After 2 min, the reaction was stopped by dilution with a 10‐fold excess of cold saline. Platelets were immediately stained with anti‐CD61‐allophycocyanin (CD61‐APC, eBioscience, Hatfield, UK), PAC‐1‐FITC (BD Bioscience, Oxford, UK), and anti–P‐selectin‐PE (eBioscience) for 15 min at 4 °C and then fixed in 2% (v/v) formalin (Sigma). PAC‐1‐FITC and anti‐P‐selectin‐PE immunoreactivity was measured by flow cytometry using a FACSCalibur instrument (Becton Dickinson, Oxford, UK). Representative histograms are shown in Supplementary Figure 5A–D.
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2

Platelet Activation Measurement Protocol

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LC–MS grade, acetonitrile (MeCN), methanol (MeOH), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide, MS grade formic acid (HCOOH) and all the analytical standards of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, α-estradiol, β-estradiol, methyltestosterone, as well as the hormone preparations used for in vitro measurements of platelet activation/reactivity were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) and had a minimum purity specification of 99%. Nitric acid (HNO3) was purchased from POCH (Gliwice, Poland). Dichloromethane (DCHM, HPLC grade) was provided by VWR International (Radnor, PA, USA).
PBS was from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Arachidonate, equine tendon collagen and ADP were from Chrono-Log Corp. (Havertown, PA, USA). Fluorolabelled monoclonal antibodies (moAbs): anti-CD61/PerCP, antiCD62/PE, PAC-1/FITC, isotype controls IgG/PE and IgM/FITC, as well as CellFix (1% formaldehyde in PBS) were from Becton Dickinson (San Diego, CA, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained from Milli-Q purification system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Nitrogen (NM32LA Nitrogen Generator, Peak Scientific Instruments, Billerica, MA, USA) was used as a drying gas.
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3

Platelet Activation Assay Protocol

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Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland). Arachidonate, collagen, and ADP were from Chrono-Log Corp. (Havertown, PA, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide, cytochrome c, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Ellman's reagent (5,5′-dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid, DTNB), glutathione (reduced), HCl, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (TNBS), ethanol, ethyl acetate, guanidine hydrochloride, xylenol orange, Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2, and perchloric acid were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Pierce™ BCA Protein Assay Kit was from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Fluorolabelled monoclonal antibodies (moAbs)—anti-CD61/PerCP, antiCD62/PE, PAC-1/FITC, isotype antibodies, and CellFix were from Becton Dickinson (San Diego, CA, USA).
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4

Isolation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin

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Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons were supplied by Tajima Shoji Co., Ltd. (Yokohama, Japan). Pharmed tubing was from Cole-Parmer (Vernon Hills, IL, USA). Transfer bags for platelet collection were from Fenwal (Mont Saint Guibert, Belgium). Thrombin was from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA and Milan, Italy). Immunomagnetic separation system was from Miltenyi Biotech (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany and Bologna, Italy). Recombinant human thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin 11 (IL-11), Stromal Derived Factor (SDF)-1α were from Peprotech (London, UK). TruCount tubes and PAC-1 FITC were from Becton Dickinson (S. Jose, CA, USA). 5-(and 6)-Carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) was from BioLegend (London, UK). FITC monoclonal anti-human CD41 (clone HIP8) was from BioLegend. FITC mouse monoclonal anti-human CD61 (clone PM6/13) and PE mouse monoclonal anti-human CD42b (clone HIP1) were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Alexa Fluor-conjugated antibodies and Hoechst 33258 were from Life Technologies (Monza, Italy). Anti-human β1-tubulin antibody was kindly provided by Prof. Joseph Italiano Jr.
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5

Flow Cytometry Reagents for Platelet Analysis

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Flow cytometry reagents such as anti-CD61/PErCP, anti-CD61/PE, anti-CD61/FITC, anti-CD62/PE, PAC-1/FITC, and Cellfix were obtained from Becton Dickinson (San Diego, CA, USA). ADP and collagen were purchased in Chrono-Log (Havertown, PA, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical grade or highest quality available products. Human sP-selectin ELISA kit (Invitrogen).
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6

Platelet activation and aggregation

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SAA was purchased from Plant Bio-Engineering Co. Ltd. (Purity 98%, Xi’an, China). Flow cytometry reagents, such as anti-CD62p/PE and PAC-1/FITC, were obtained from Becton Dickinson (San Jose, CA, USA). ADP and thrombin were purchased from Helena Laboratories (Beaumont, TX, USA) and Xinfan Bio-technology Co, Ltd. (Hangzhou, China), respectively. All other chemicals were of analytical grade or products of the highest quality available.
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7

Platelet Activation Quantification via Flow Cytometry

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Prior to perfusion, microfluidic devices were coated with 2% w/v BSA for 10 min prior to wash out with unmodified tyrodes buffer pH 7.4. Hirudin anticoagulated whole blood was either perfused through the external syringe pump line as a baseline control (no microfluidic perfusion) or θe = 80° geometry at Q = 200 μL/min, or no perfusion as a resting control. Each sample was diluted 1:10 in 1× Tyrode’s buffer (+1 mM CaCl2 + 0.5 % BSAw/v) and 5 μL of the diluted sample was immediately transferred to their respective Eppendorf tubes containing α−CD42bAPC (Becton Dickinson), and either 5 μL PAC-1 FITC (Becton Dickinson) or 5 μL α−P-selectin-PE (Life Technologies) . The tube containing positive control was activated with 40 μM ADP and all samples were let to rest for 15 min. Reaction was stopped by adding 600 μL 1× Tyrode’s buffer and immediately transferred to 12 × 75 mm Falcon® polystyrene test tubes, and all samples were assessed within a 2-h window. Platelets were identified by light scatter characteristics and confirmed by CD42b expression. Positive controls were used to adjust voltages. Acquisition was performed on a BD FACSCanto-II (Becton Dickinson) that was routinely calibrated with Calibrite beads in conjunction with FACSComp Version 5.1 software (Becton Dickinson). The results were analyzed with FlowLogic 7.2.1 flow cytometric analysis software.
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8

Platelet Surface Activation Assay

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Platelet surface activation antigens were assessed in citrated whole blood on Accuri C6 (BD, Heidelberg, Germany). Briefly, 5 µl of whole blood at resting condition was double stained with a platelet identifying monoclonal antibody CD42a-PerCP (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany) for gating plus one of the following antibodies: CD41-PE (Beckman Coultier, Krefeld, Germany), CD62p-FITC (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany), CD63-FITC (Beckman Coultier, Krefeld, Germany), anti-human Fibrinogen-FITC (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark), anti-human Tissue Factor-FITC (Sekusui Diagnostics, Stamford, Connecticut, US). In addition, 5µl of whole blood after Collagen/ADP test with the PFA-200 assay was double stained with CD42a-PerCP and PAC-1-FITC (Becton Dickinson, Heidelberg, Germany). The samples were incubated for 20 min at room temperature in dark after which the reaction was stopped with addition of 500 µl phosphate-buffered saline. The samples were then immediately analyzed and percentages (%) of platelets as well as the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) expressing the specific antigens were recorded.
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9

Adenosine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists in Platelet Function

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Adenosine receptor agonists were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA) (NECA (CAS № 35920-39-9)), and Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI, USA) (regadenoson (CAS № 313348-27-5)). LUF5835 (2-amino-6-(1H-imidazol-2-ylmethylsulfanyl)-4-(3-hydroxy-phenyl) pyridine-3,5dicarbonitrile) was synthesized at Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Biological Chemistry, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland. Cangrelor (AR-C69931MX) was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Prasugrel metabolite (R-138727) was obtained from BOC Sciences (Shirley, NY, USA). Calcein AM was obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Antibodies anti-human CD61/PErCP, CD61/PE, CD62/PE, PAC-1/FITC, mouse IgG1/PE isotype control, mouse IgG1/FITC isotype control, Cellfix, buffered sodium citrate was purchased from Becton-Dickinson (San Diego, CA, USA). Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 (PBS) was obtained from Corning (New York, NY, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were obtained from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All other chemicals, unless otherwise stated, were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A. (Gliwice, Poland).
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10

Proteomics Analysis of Platelet Activation

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Bactopeptone, bis-benzimide, glutaraldehyde, penicillin, propidium iodide, sodium citrate, streptomycin, trypsin, and yeast extract were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Luis, MO, USA); anti CD61-PerCP, anti CD62-PE, and PAC-1-FITC (Becton-Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA); Hoechst 33342 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA); McCoy’s 5A medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) from Biowest (Nuaillé, France) and XTT test from Biotium (Fremont, CA, USA). Bromophenol blue, dithiothreitol (DTT), glycerol, iodoacetamid, Immobiline Dry Strip gels, pH 4–7, Precast 12.5% polyacrylamide gel and buffer for 2-D DIGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tris-HCl, UREA, (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). Refraction-2D Labeling Kit and DyeAgnostics was obtained from LKB Biotech, Warsaw, Poland. All other reagents were obtained from POCH SA (Gliwice, Poland). Standard polystyrene flasks (T-75 flasks) and flat bottom cell culture microplates (12, 24, 48 and 96 wells) were from TPP Techno Plastic Products AG (Trasadingen, Switzerland). All other disposables were from VWR Int. (Gdansk, Poland).
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