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7 protocols using nylon mesh

1

Isolation and Culture of Embryonic Mouse Purkinje Cells

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PCs were isolated from E17-E19 mice embryos following a method previously described (Tabata et al., 2000 (link)) with slight modifications. Briefly, the cerebella were dissected in ice-cold HBSS supplemented with 20 µg/ml gentamicin (both from Invitrogen), then incubated with 10 U/ml papain (Sigma Millipore) and 2.5 U/ml DNase I (Roche Diagnostic) and 4 mm MgCl2 (Sigma Millipore) at 33°C for 20 min. The cerebella were titrated in HBSS with 2.5 U/ml DNase I and 4 mm MgCl2 and were filtered with 200 µm Nylon mesh (Millipore). After washing twice in HBSS, the cells were plated on precleaned, poly-ornithine (500 µg/ml, Sigma Millipore) coated 1.5H glass-bottomed slide (Ibidi) at the density of 1.2 × 106 cells/cm2. For tracking experiments, the cells were transfected before plating with L7-mCherry or -GFP (a gift from J Hammer III) (see Wagner et al., 2011 (link)) using Nucleofector 4D (Lonza Walkersville) according to manufacturer's protocol. The culture medium contained PNBM neural basal medium (Lonza Walkersville), GS21 neural supplement (1:50, Globalstem), 5 µg/ml gentamicin, and 2 mm Glutamax (Invitrogen); half-volume of the medium was changed once a week and the day before the experiment.
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2

Sea Urchin Egg Extraction and Homogenization

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Gamete shedding was stimulated by intracoelomic injections of 0.5 M KCl solution and sea urchin eggs from Lytechinus pictus were collected. Collection was carried out in artificial sea water (ASW). ASW: 435 mM NaCl, 10 mM KCl, 40 mM MgCl2, 15mM MgSO4, 11 mM CaCl2, 2.5 mM NaHCO3, 7 mM Tris base, 13 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0. Eggs were de-jellied by passage through 100 μM nylon mesh (Millipore), and then washed 4 times in Ca2+ -free ASW, with the first two washes containing 1 mM EGTA. Eggs were subsequently washed in intracellular-like medium, glucamine intracellular medium (GluIM). GluIM: 250 mM potassium gluconate, 250 mM N-methyl-D-glucamine, 20 mM Hepes (acid), and 1 mM MgCl2, pH 7.2 (pH adjusted with glacial acetic acid). Eggs were homogenized with a glass Dounce tissue homogenizer in ice-cold GluIM supplemented with 2 mM MgATP, 20 U/mL creatine phosphokinase (CPK), 20 mM phosphocreatine (PCr), Complete ™EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor tablets were from Roche. Homogenate (50%, v/v) was then centrifuged at 13,000 x g at 4 °C for 10 s. The supernatant were aliquoted into 0.5 ml portions and stored at -80 °C.
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3

Perfusion of Working Heart-Brainstem Preparations

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Working heart-brainstem preparations (Paton, 1996 (link)) were surgically prepared one week after the microinjections in the A5, as previously described (Zoccal et al., 2008 (link)). The animals were initially deeply anesthetized with halothane (AstraZeneca, Cotia, SP, Brazil) until the loss of the paw withdrawal reflex, transected caudal to the diaphragm, submerged in a chilled Ringer solution (in mM: NaCl, 125; NaHCO3, 24; KCl, 3; CaCl2, 2.5; MgSO4, 1.25; KH2PO4, 1.25; dextrose, 10) and decerebrated at the precollicular level. Lungs were removed the preparations were then transferred to a recording chamber. The descending aorta was cannulated and perfused retrogradely using a roller pump (Watson-Marlow 502 s, Falmouth, Cornwall, UK) via a double-lumen cannula. The perfusate consisted of Ringer solution containing 1.25% Polyethylene glycol (an oncotic agent, Sigma, St Louis, USA) and a neuromuscular blocker (vecuronium bromide, 3–4 μg mL−1, Cristália Produtos Químicos Farmacêuticos Ltda., São Paulo, Brazil). This solution was gassed continuously with 5% CO2–95% O2, warmed to 31–32 °C and filtered using a nylon mesh (pore size: 25 μm, Millipore, Billirica, MA, USA). The perfusion pressure was maintained in the range of 50–70 mmHg by adjusting the rate flow to 21–25 mL min−1 and by adding vasopressin to the perfusate (0.6–1.2 nM, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Hippocampus Fractionation and Protein Quantification

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Hippocampi from the left hemispheres of the same mice used for qPCR were isolated and placed on dry ice immediately and stored at −80 °C. Hippocampi were thawed on ice and homogenized in 1.5 ml 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT containing proteinase inhibitors (Complete, EDTA-free, Roche). Of the homogenates 100 µl were kept and SDS was added to a final concentration of 1% and samples were incubated at 72 °C for 5 min. From the rest of the homogenate, synaptoneurosomes were isolated as described in Vilasana et al.22 (link) using sequential filtration with 100 µm nylon mesh (Millipore) and 5 µm Versapor (PALL) syringe filters followed by centrifugation at 3,600 × g. Supernatants were removed and the remaining pellet was dissolved in 100 µl 1% SDS 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 1 mM EDTA, 2 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT containing proteinase inhibitors and incubated at 72 °C for 5 min. The protein concentration of all samples was determined by photometry using the BIORAD protein assay and samples were stored at −80 °C.
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5

Microbial Cell Concentration via TFF

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5 L environmental sample were pre-filtered through a nylon mesh (Sigma Aldrich, Poole, UK), nominal pore size 10 μm, to remove coarse particles and subsequently processed through a 0.22 μm TFF unit as per manufacturer's instructions (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA); the permeate was collected and the retentate recycled to the feed tank until the entire sample had been processed as permeate, leaving a suspension of cells on the surface of the filter which were collected by reversing the pump flow direction and backwashing the filter with 50 mL permeate collected in a sterile 50 mL centrifuge tube
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6

Apoptosis Assay for Glioblastoma Cells

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VBT281 glioblastoma cells were seeded in 6‐well plates (CytoOne) for adherent cell experiments, or ultra‐low attachment 6‐well plates (Corning) for spheroid assays, at a cell density of 1 × 105 cells per ml of the respective cell culture media. R10 media (RPMI with 10% FBS) was used for adherent cells. NB+ media (Neurobasal media with supplements) was used for spheroid cultures. After preplating for 24 h, cells were treated with DHA (dihydroartemisinin), 5‐ALA, or the combination at the indicated concentrations.
The supernatant of adherent cells was combined with the trypsinized, singularized cells, washed with 1× PBS and filtered through a nylon mesh (size 60 μm, Sigma‐Aldrich). Floating spheroids were collected, washed with 1× PBS, TrypL/E treated (Gibco TrypLE Express Enzyme (1×), phenol red 12605028, Thermo Fisher Scientific), singularized, washed again with 1× PBS and filtered. All samples were resuspended in 100 μl Annexin V Binding buffer each, and stained in FACS tubes with Propidium iodide (PI, 1 mg/ml, P4864 Sigma‐Aldrich) and Annexin V‐FITC (50 μg/ml, 556,420, BD Biosciences). After an incubation for 10–15 min at RT (protected from light), 200 μl of cold Annexin V Binding buffer was added and samples were measured on a flow cytometer (LSRFortessa flow cytometer, BD Biosciences). Data analysis was performed with FlowJo v10.06 (BD Biosciences) and GraphPad Prism 8.0.1.
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7

Isolation of Bovine Mesenteric Lymph Node Leukocytes

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After 7 d of the experimental phase, cows were transported to the institutional slaughterhouse, euthanized by captive bolt stunning and subsequent exsanguination. Mesenteric lymph nodes attached to the mid-jejunum were obtained 15 min after death and transferred on ice to the laboratory within 5 min. Lymph nodes were washed with cold sterile PBS, and the attached fat and mesenteric tissue were removed. The MLN was dissected with a scalpel, and floating leukocytes were suspended in PBS and filtrated by a nylon mesh (pore size 70 μm; Sigma-Aldrich). Isolated leukocytes were washed twice with PBS and separated by centrifugation (100 × g, 4°C, 5 min). Obtained leukocytes were frozen as droplets in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C until further analysis.
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