Qe pro spectrometer

Diffuse skylight was measured adjacent to Kongsfjord on 25 January 2015 for input into a radiative transfer model using Hydrolight 5.2 RTE50 , as described in Cohen et al.33 (link). Diffuse spectral irradiance was measured at midday in Ny-Ålesund on 25 January 2015 using a QE Pro spectrometer (Ocean Optics, FL, USA) that received 180° of diffuse skylight reflected from a Spectralon reflectance reference plate (Labsphere Inc., NH, USA). This was used as input to model the underwater light field throughout the water column for clear conditions with Raman scattering and Chlorophyll-a fluorescence of 0.06 μg L⁻¹ over the whole water column. Inherent optical properties in Kongsfjord necessary for radiative transfer modeling were measured in January 2015 using a Wet Labs ac-9 absorption/scattering meter33 (link). Downwelling irradiance from 395 nm to 695 nm was modeled in 5nm increments for every meter to 99 m.

Details for the synthesis of Ph-BTD can be found in Section S1 of the ESI.† All starting materials were obtained from commercial sources, including Fisher Scientific, TCI Chemical, and Strem Chemicals. BTD (ACROS Organics), ZnTPP (Fisher Scientific), and PtOEP (Sigma-Aldrich) were purchased and used without further purification.
NMR spectra were collected on a Bruker 500 MHz spectrometer at ambient temperature. UV-Vis absorption spectra were collected by a Technologies Cary 60 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Steady-state photoluminescence spectra were collected by an Ocean Optics QEPro spectrometer.
Solution concentrations for photon upconversion studies were prepared as 1 × 10⁻⁵ M sensitizer and 1 × 10⁻³ M annihilator in degassed anhydrous toluene. Solutions for each sensitizer–annihilator pair were made in a nitrogen glovebox, sealed, and removed from the glovebox for upconversion photoluminescence study.
Phosphorescence measurements were taken at 77 K in a frozen solution of methylcyclohexane (BTD/CN-BTD) and methylcyclohexane/iodomethane (2 : 1 v/v) (MeO-BTD, Ph-BTD) (details in ESI†).

In previous studies,¹⁷ (link)^,29 (link)^–32 (link, link, link) we developed the ICG-NIRF dental imaging system for the rat model. It consisted of a 785-nm laser source (Turnkey Raman Lasers-785 Series; Ocean Optics, Inc), NIR-I cameras: Guppy F038B (CMOS sensor with $768\times 492$ resolution) and Mako U-130B (CMOS sensor with $1280\times 1024$ resolution) NIR cameras (Allied Vision Technologies GmbH) with 800-nm filter (long pass lens: 800 nm; Thorlabs Inc), QEPro spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Inc), and an OSF-3 endoscope (Olympus Corporation). In this study, to image rat molars in NIR-II, we further integrated InGaAs-based cameras in the ICG-NIRF imaging system: Goldeye G-008 (InGaAs FPA Sensor with $320\times 256$ resolution, Allied Vision Technologies GmbH) and Goldeye G-033 NIR-II cameras (InGaAs FPA Sensor with $640\times 512$ resolution, Allied Vision Technologies GmbH) with 1000-nm filter (long pass lens: 1000 nm; Thorlabs Inc).

The measurements were carried out using a QE-Pro spectrometer (Ocean Optics, USA) with a laser source wavelength of 785 nm and a power of 320 mW. The molar ratio of thrombin and P10 was 1 : 16 in the thrombin plus P10. The measurement range was 800–2870 cm⁻¹ with scanning 2 times and the acquisition time was 25 s.

For long-term stability tests, the devices were
operated at 3.5 V under ambient conditions for 4 days. For measurements,
the LED was transferred to a glove box equipped with a QE Pro spectrometer
(Ocean Optics) with an integrating sphere and a Keithley 2400. Luminescence
spectra as well as CRI and luminance were monitored for 15 min at
a driving voltage of 3.5 V. The characterization of spray-coated films
was done as follows: a spray-coated film (on a glass substrate) was
placed above a 365 nm LED at a distance of 2 cm. During measurements,
in order to obtain a well-defined area, a mask with an area of 0.073
cm² was employed. For gels coated directly onto LEDs, the
white luminescent gel was directly put onto a 365 nm LED, and the
device was then characterized as described above. The temperature
of the gel device on the LED was monitored using a thermographic camera
225s (FOTRIC). The luminous efficacy (η, lm·W^–1) was calculated through the luminous flux divided by the input electric
power.^{43 (link)} The correlated color temperature
(CCT) was calculated by the equation^{44 (link)} where x and y correspond to CIE data.

Perovskite LEDs in this work were fabricated in a nitrogen filled glove-box. The perovskite films were spin-coated at 3000 r.p.m. for 30 s and then annealed on a pre-heated hotplate at 100 °C for 10 min. TFB (12 mg ml⁻¹ in chlorobenzene) layer was spin-coated on top of the perovskite film at 3000 r.p.m. for 30 s. After that, 7 nm MoO₃ and 100 nm Ag were deposited as the electrode in the thermal evaporator. The device active area is 7.25 mm². The fabricated perovskite LEDs were measured in a glove-box at room temperature. A Keithley 2400 source meter was used to collect the current density and the driving voltage. An integrating sphere together with a QE Pro spectrometer (Ocean Optics) were used to collect the light emission. The applied voltage started from 0 V and increased with a step of 0.05 V, lasting for 300 ms at each voltage step for stabilisation and measurements. The integrating sphere-spectrometer system was calibrated by a Vis-NIR radiometric calibration sources for absolute light intensity and a HG-1 calibration source for wavelength (Ocean Optics). The operational lifetime measurements of the LEDs were conducted using the same setup under a constant current density of 20 mA cm⁻². The layout of the setup for LED measurements is displayed in Supplementary Figure 16.