Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C, “Sigma-Aldrich”, St. Petersburg, Russia) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, hydroxy terminated, 0.94 g/mL at 25 °C, “Sigma-Aldrich”, St. Petersburg, Russia) were applied for synthesis of a PDMS-b-PPO copolymer, which was used as a membrane matrix. Graphene oxide (GO, “Fullerene Technologies”, St. Petersburg, Russia) [36 (link)] was used as a modifier of the PDMS-b-PPO membranes. 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene (TDI, 95 wt.%) used as a cross-linking agent and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL, 95 wt.%) used as a catalyst were purchased from “Sigma-Aldrich” (St. Petersburg, Russia). Chloroform (CHCl3, 99.1 wt.%), chlorobenzene (C6H5Cl, 99.7 wt.%), methanol (MeOH, 99.5 wt.%) and ethanol (EtOH) purchased from “Vecton” (St. Petersburg, Russia) were used without additional treatment.
Poly 2 6 dimethyl 1 4 phenylene oxide ppo
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Sao Tome and Principe
Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) is a thermoplastic polymer material. It is a high-performance engineering plastic known for its exceptional thermal stability, dimensional stability, and electrical insulating properties.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
0.1 n standard hydrochloric acid, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
N n dimethylacetamide dmac, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Methanol, by Avantor (2 mentions)
Potassium hydroxide, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Sulfuric acid, by Carl Roth (2 mentions)
Silver nitrate, by Sinopharm (2 mentions)
Dibutyltin dilaurate dbtdl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 2 4 5 tetramethylimidazole, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Zinc chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Trimethylamine tma, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 methyl 2 pyrrolidone nmp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethylene glycol, by Vekton (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Vekton (1 mentions)
Chloroform, by Vekton (1 mentions)
N bromosuccinimide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N methylmorpholine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
N methyl pyrrolidone (nmp), by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
9 protocols using poly 2 6 dimethyl 1 4 phenylene oxide ppo
1
Synthesis of PDMS-b-PPO Copolymer Membranes
2
Synthesis of Polymeric Membrane Materials
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All chemicals were used without further purification. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Munich, Germany), and bromination was conducted in the same way as described previously [28 (link)]. Poly[(1-(4,4′-diphenylether)-5-oxybenzimidazole)-benzimidazole] (PBI-OO) was purchased from FuMA-Tech GmbH (Ludwigsburg, Germany). Sulfonated polymer was synthesized as previously reported in the literature [29 (link)]. 1,2,4,5-tetramethylimidazole was purchased from TCI chemicals. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and methanol were obtained from VWR International GmbH (Bruchsal, Germany). Sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide, 0.1 N standard hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany). Vanadium electrolyte was provided by RIVA GmbH Batteries. The structures used in this study are presented in Figure 1 .
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Polymeric Materials
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Chlorobenzene (MW: 112.55
g/mol and purity: 99+%), 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyro nitrile (AIBN)
(MW: 164.21 g/mol and purity: 98%), ethanol (MW: 46.06 g/mol and purity:
99%), chloroform (MW: 119.38 g/mol and purity: 99.4%), N-bromo-succinimide (NBS) (MW: 177.99 g/mol, purity: 98%, and grade:
extra pure), sodium chloride (NaCl) (MW: 58.44 g/mol and purity: 99.8%), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (MW: 99.133 g/mol and purity:
99.90%), DMADMP (MW: 131.22 g/mol, 97%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) (MW: 142.04 g/mol and purity: 99+%), potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) (MW: 194.19 g/mol and purity: 99.99%),
silver nitrate (AgNO3) (MW: 169.87 g/mol and purity: 99.90%),
and MO (MW: 337.33 g/mol and grade: indicator grade) were kindly supplied
by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. China and employed as received.
Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals kindly provided poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO) (MW: 122.16 g/mol, appearance form: white powder, and product
category: polymer). Deionized water was employed throughout this work.
g/mol and purity: 99+%), 2,2′-azo-bis-isobutyro nitrile (AIBN)
(MW: 164.21 g/mol and purity: 98%), ethanol (MW: 46.06 g/mol and purity:
99%), chloroform (MW: 119.38 g/mol and purity: 99.4%), N-bromo-succinimide (NBS) (MW: 177.99 g/mol, purity: 98%, and grade:
extra pure), sodium chloride (NaCl) (MW: 58.44 g/mol and purity: 99.8%), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) (MW: 99.133 g/mol and purity:
99.90%), DMADMP (MW: 131.22 g/mol, 97%), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) (MW: 142.04 g/mol and purity: 99+%), potassium chromate
(K2CrO4) (MW: 194.19 g/mol and purity: 99.99%),
silver nitrate (AgNO3) (MW: 169.87 g/mol and purity: 99.90%),
and MO (MW: 337.33 g/mol and grade: indicator grade) were kindly supplied
by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. China and employed as received.
Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals kindly provided poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide)
(PPO) (MW: 122.16 g/mol, appearance form: white powder, and product
category: polymer). Deionized water was employed throughout this work.
4
Fabrication of Quaternized Polyphenylene Oxide Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
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A porous PTFE (thickness: 15 μm, pore size: 0.45 μm, porosity: 70%) was provided by Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd. (HHP-045-15, Japan), and the commercial AHA membrane (Neosepta, Japan) was purchased as a reference membrane. The chloromethyl ethyl ether (CMEE) (95%), poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO), zinc chloride (reagent grade, ≥98%), trimethylamine (TMA) (∼45 wt% in H2O), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, anhydrous, 99.5%) were bought from Sigma-Aldrich to prepare the QPPO polymer. Monochlorobenzene (99% extra pure) and methanol (assay 99.6%) were provided by OCI Co. Ltd. Acetonitrile (anhydrous, 99.8%) and vanadium acetylacetonate (V(acac)3) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Deionized water (resistivity >18.2 MΩ) was used to purify the chloromethylated PPO and was obtained using a Millipore system. The supporting electrolyte of TEABF4 at a one-molar concentration (Panax E-tec Co. Ltd., South Korea) was used to prepare an active electrolyte. Porous carbon felts (Nippon Carbon Co. Ltd., Japan) were used for the electrodes in the NAVRFB.
5
PPO-Based Membranes with Graphene Oxide Modifier
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Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Petersburg, Russia) was used as a membrane matrix. Graphene oxide (GO, Fullerene Technologies, St. Petersburg, Russia) synthesized from graphite by an oxidation reaction using a modified Hummers and Offeman method [33 (link)] was used as a modifier of the PPO membranes. Commercial porous hydrophobic membrane MFFC (Vladipor, Vladimir, Russia) based on fluoroplast F42L was used as a support for the preparation of the supported PPO-based membranes. Chloroform (CHCl3, purity ≥ 99.1 wt.%), ethylene glycol (EG, purity ≥ 99.9 wt.%), and methanol (MeOH, purity ≥ 99.5 wt.%) were purchased from Vekton (St. Petersburg, Russia) and used without additional treatment.
6
Polymer Blends Synthesis and Characterization
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Poly(ether sulfone), obtained from Solvay
Chemicals Pvt Ltd., India, was used after drying. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene
oxide) (PPO), N-bromosuccinimide, and N-methylmorpholine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-Dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,
KCl, NaH2PO4, Na2SO4,
and NaNO3 were supplied by S D Fine-Chem Ltd. Double-distilled
water was used throughout the experiment.
Chemicals Pvt Ltd., India, was used after drying. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene
oxide) (PPO), N-bromosuccinimide, and N-methylmorpholine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. N,N-Dimethyl acetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,
KCl, NaH2PO4, Na2SO4,
and NaNO3 were supplied by S D Fine-Chem Ltd. Double-distilled
water was used throughout the experiment.
7
Synthesis of Polyphenylene Oxide Polymer
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Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS, 98.0%) and azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98.0%) were purchased from TCI (Japan). Potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85%), chlorobenzene (99.5%), isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 99.5%), methanol (99.5%), N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP, 99.5%), and tri-methyl amine (TMA, 99.0%) were purchased from Daejung Reagents & Chemicals (Korea).
8
Bromination of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)
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Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene
oxide) (PPO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd., P. R. China.
2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and N-bromosuccinimide
(NBS) were purchased from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Chlorobenzene
was bought from Shanghai Titas Co., Ltd., P. R. China. Potassium chromate
(K2CrO4), trimethylamine, N-methylimidazole, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), N-methypyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), N-methylpiperidine, chloroform (CHCl3), sodium chloride
(NaCl), silver nitrate (AgNO3), ethanol (EtOH), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., P.
R. China and were utilized as attained. Deionized (DI) water was utilized
throughout the work.
oxide) (PPO) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd., P. R. China.
2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and N-bromosuccinimide
(NBS) were purchased from Adamas Reagent Co., Ltd., China. Chlorobenzene
was bought from Shanghai Titas Co., Ltd., P. R. China. Potassium chromate
(K2CrO4), trimethylamine, N-methylimidazole, sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), N-methypyrrolidine, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), N-methylpiperidine, chloroform (CHCl3), sodium chloride
(NaCl), silver nitrate (AgNO3), ethanol (EtOH), and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
(NMP) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd., P.
R. China and were utilized as attained. Deionized (DI) water was utilized
throughout the work.
9
Preparation and Characterization of Polymer Electrolytes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
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All chemicals were used as received without further purification. Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and Bromination of PPO was conducted as described in literature [20 ]. Poly[(1-(4,4′-diphenylether)-5-oxybenzimidazole)-benzimidazole] (PBI-OO) was obtained from FuMA-Tech GmbH, Germany. Fluorinated PBI (F6-PBI) was purchased from Yanjin Technology, Shenzhen, China. The sulfonated polymers were prepared as previously described in the literature [21 (link)]. 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylimidazole (TMIm) was purchased from TCI Chemicals. N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and methanol were purchased from VWR International GmbH, Bruchsal, Germany. Potassium carbonate was purchased from ABCR GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. Sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide, 0.1 N standard hydrochloric acid, sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide were purchased from Carl Roth GmbH, Karlsruhe, Germany. The vanadium electrolyte solution (1.6 M vanadium in 30% Sulfuric acid: 50% VO2+ and 50% V3+), was provided by RIVA GmbH Batteries, Backnang, Germany. The structures of the polymers components used in this study are presented in Figure 1 . Reference membranes Nafion®212 (N212) and Fumasep®FAP-450 (FAP 450) were supplied by Ion Power GmbH (München, Germany) and Fumatech GmbH (Ludwigsburg, Germany), respectively.
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