1 phenyl 1 2 propanedione ppd

The TBE was prepared as follows: the Trapa bispinosa pericarp cultivated in Thailand was dried, sterilized, and crushed at ambient conditions, followed by extraction with hot water (approximately six times the weight of the water chestnut pericarp). Dextrin was added to the extracted liquid so that the ratio of chestnut pericarp water extract to dextrin would be 67:33 using the dry weight. TBE was obtained after spray drying the extract and its moisture content was less than 10%. Ellagic acid, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (PTB), and aminoguanidine hydrochloride were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries (Osaka, Japan). 1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD) and rat intestinal acetone powder were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMS-CHN₂) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Each polyphenol specimen was used compounds isolated from natural sources held in our library: gallotannins [37 (link),38 (link),39 (link),40 (link),41 (link),42 (link),43 (link),44 (link)], 1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-hexahydroxydiphenoyl-d-glucose [45 (link)], cornusiin G [8 ], brevifolincarboxylic acid [39 (link)], urolithin M5 [46 (link)], and valoneic acid dilactone [41 (link)].

The chemical substances used were: 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSPMA, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); [2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide 95% (SBMA, Sigma Aldrich); 1-phenyl-1,2-propanedione (PPD, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); double distilled water (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany); brain-heart-infusion-broth (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Germany) Nunc Thermanox coverslips, 13 mm diameter, were from Thermo-Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). For bacterial adhesion testing, commercially purchased Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) (Leibniz Institute DSM, Braunschweig, Germany) was used.