Ethanol c2h6o

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

Ethanol (C2H6O) is a clear, colorless, volatile liquid chemical compound. It is the primary type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages and is also used as a solvent and fuel additive. Ethanol has the chemical formula C2H6O, with two carbon atoms, six hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom.

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Ethanol (4825 citations) C2H6O (10 citations) Absolute ethanol (C2H6O) (2 citations)

13 protocols using ethanol c2h6o

Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃·6H₂O), ethylene glycol anhydrous (C₂H₆O₂), polyethylene glycol (PEG—C_2nH_4n+2O_n+1) with two different molecular weights (Mw = 8000 g/mol and Mw = 20,000 g/mol), ethanol (C₂H₆O), and RA (C₁₈H₁₆O₈) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sodium acetate trihydrate (NaAc—C₂H₃NaO₂·3H₂O) was purchased from Silal Trading (Bucharest, Romania). Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) was purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Baden-Württemberg, Germany). All chemicals were of analytical purity and used with no further purification.
The BHK and HepG2 cell lines were used from the collection of the Institute for Diagnosis and Animal Health (I.D.A.H.)

Chircov C., Pîrvulescu D.C., Bîrcă A.C., Andronescu E, & Grumezescu A.M. (2022). Magnetite Microspheres for the Controlled Release of Rosmarinic Acid. Pharmaceutics, 14(11), 2292.

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Synthesis of Multicomponent Nanoparticles

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The following reagents from Sigma–Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) were used to synthesize the NPs: sodium tetrachloropalladate(II) (Na₂PdCl₄, Cat. No. 379808), copper(II) acetylacetonate (Cu(acac)₂, Cat. No. 514365), rhodium(III) acetylacetonate (Rh(acac)₃, Cat. No. 282774), rhodium(III) chloride hydrate (RhCl₃, Cat. No. 206261), d‐(−)‐ribose (C₅H₁₀O₅, Cat. No. R7500), silica (SiO₂, Cat. No. S5505), sodium borohydride (NaBH₄, Cat. No. 452882), acetone (C₃H₆O, Cat. No. 650101), 1‐octadecene (ODE, C₁₈H₃₆, Cat. No. O806), and oleylamine (OAm, C₁₈H₃₇N, Cat. No. O7805). The following solvents were used to wash the NPs: hexane (C₆H₁₄, Cat. No. 32293, Sigma–Aldrich Co., St Louis, MO, USA) and ethanol (C₂H₆O, Cat. No. 10437341, Fisher Scientific U.K. Ltd, Loughborough, UK). Deionized (DI) water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm was used to prepare all aqueous solutions used in this study.

Jiang Y., Lim A.M., Yan H., Zeng H.C, & Mirsaidov U. (2023). Phase Segregation in PdCu Alloy Nanoparticles During CO Oxidation Reaction at Atmospheric Pressure. Advanced Science, 10(25), 2302663.

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Chitosan-PVA Hydrogel for Biomedical Applications

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Medium weight chitosan (Sigma Aldrich), PVA (87%–89% hydrolyzed, Sigma Aldrich), glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (GTMAC, Sigma Aldrich), acetic acid (CH₃COOH, Riedel-de Haen), sodium acetate (CH₃COONa, Merck), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, Merck), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, Merck), perchloric acid (HClO₄, Isolab), potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄, Merck), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, Sigma Aldrich), ethanol (C₂H₆O, Sigma Aldrich), glutaraldehyde (C₅H₈O₂, 25%, Sigma Aldrich), phosphate buffered saline tablet (PBS, Sigma Aldrich), and C. officinalis flowers were commercially supplied and used without further purification.

EREN BELGİN E, & DELİBALTA C.G. (2023). Quaternized chitosan/PVA/natural bioactive agent electrospun wound scaffolds: production, characterization, and investigation of release kinetics. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 47(6), 1529-1539.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Potassium Permanganate Composite

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Potassium permanganate
(KMnO₄), sodium sulphate (Na₂SO₄),
cobalt nitrate [Co (NO₃)₂], urea, ethanol (C₂H₆O), and so on were purchased from Sigma Aldrich,
carbon black was purchased from Alfa Aesar, and N-Methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) was obtained using high-performance liquid
chromatography. All the solvents and reagents are of analytical grade,
and the solution was prepared in distilled water.

Jadhav S.M., Kalubarme R.S., Suzuki N., Terashima C., Mun J., Kale B.B., Gosavi S.W, & Fujishima A. (2021). Cobalt-Doped Manganese Dioxide Hierarchical Nanostructures for Enhancing Pseudocapacitive Properties. ACS Omega, 6(8), 5717-5729.

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Ginger Extraction and Characterization

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Ginger was obtained from a local Slovenian vendor (Mercator d.d., Ljubljana, Slovenia). The natural material was dried by a lyophilization process (T_{lyophilization}= −30 °C, t_{lyophilization}= 72 h, p = 0.04 mbar vacuum) and then ground using a grinder before extraction procedures. The mean particle size has been determined by sieve analysis and was 0.5 mm.
Chemicals used in this study were ethanol (C₂H₆O) (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, HPLC grade, ≥99.9%), carbon dioxide (CO₂) (Messer; MG, Ruše, Slovenia, purity 2.5), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (SigmaAldrich, Darmstadt, Germany, ≥97.0%), Folin-Ciocalten reagent (FC) (Sigma Aldrich), sodium(V)carbonate (Na₂CO₃) (Sigma Aldrich, ≥99.9%), gallic acid (C7H6O5) (Sigma Aldrich, 97.5–102.5%), and methanol (H₃OH) (Honeywell, Charlotte, NC, USA, LC-MS CHROMASOLV^®, ≥99.9%).

Žitek T., Kučuk N., Postružnik V., Leitgeb M., Knez Ž., Primožič M, & Marevci M.K. (2022). Synergistic Effect of Supercritical and Ultrasound-Assisted Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Extracts. Plants, 11(21), 2872.

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Comprehensive Chemical Synthesis Protocol

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Urea (CH₄N₂O, Proquimsa, Coahuila, Mexico), phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), zinc powder (Chemical Dynamics, Florida, USA), ethanol (C₂H₆O, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), methanol (CH₄O, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), acetone (C₃H₆O, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Toluene (C₇H₈, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Hexane (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄, Fermont, Nuevo León, Mexico), Ammonium Hydroxide 30% (NH₄OH, Fermont, Nuevo León, Mexico), Hydrochloric Acid 30% (HCl, Fermont, Nuevo León, Mexico), porcine hematin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), aniline (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃, Sigma-Aldrich St. Louis, MO, USA), p-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), deuterated sulfuric acid (D₂SO₄, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), deuterated DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), deuterated acetone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and deuterated water (D₂O, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA).

Martínez-Cartagena M.E., Bernal-Martínez J., Banda-Villanueva A., Enríquez-Medrano J., Lechuga-Islas V.D., Magaña I., Córdova T., Morales-Acosta D., Olivares-Romero J.L, & Díaz-de-León R. (2022). Biomimetic Synthesis of PANI/Graphitic Oxidized Carbon Nitride for Supercapacitor Applications. Polymers, 14(18), 3913.

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Quantitative Diclofenac Determination Assay

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Ammonium heptamolybdate ((NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl 37%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (C₂H₆O) and diclofenac sodium (C₁₄H₁₀Cl₂NNaO₂) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), Urea (CO(NH₂)₂) was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All chemicals used were of high purity (i.e., 98–99%).

Rashid J., Saleemi F., Akram B., Wang L., Hussain N, & Xu M. (2021). Facile Synthesis of g-C3N4/MoO3 Nanohybrid for Efficient Removal of Aqueous Diclofenac Sodium. Nanomaterials, 11(6), 1564.

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Fabrication of ZnO Nanorods on Glass

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To fabricate the ZnO NRs on glass substrates (25 mm × 75 mm), analytical reagents such as zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn (NO₃)₂·6H₂O; purity >99.8%] was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH₃OO)₂·2H₂O; purity >99% Merck) and hexamethylenetetramine (C₆H₁₂N₄; purity >99% Merck) were purchased from Billerica, USA. The docosane (n-docosane, purity >99% Sigma Aldrich) was supplied by Supelco, Bellefonte, USA, and ethanol (C₂H₆O, purity >99%, Sigma Aldrich) and deionized water were used to prepare all aqueous solutions.²⁴ Throughout the experiment, organic solvents with purity levels greater than analytical grade were utilised.

Alsharyani A.K, & Muruganandam L. (2024). Fabrication of zinc oxide nanorods for photocatalytic degradation of docosane, a petroleum pollutant, under solar light simulator. RSC Advances, 14(13), 9038-9049.

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Extraction and Characterization of Basil Leaves

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All chemicals were used as-received, and deionized water (D.H₂O, 18.2 µΩ cm⁻¹) was used to prepare all solutions / suspension. All phenol (99.0%), p-Nitrophenol (99%), and p-Methoxyphenol (99.0%), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Tin(IV) Chloride (SnCl₄.5H₂O, 99%) was purchased from Gainland Chemical Company. Ethanol (C₂H₆O, 99.5%) was obtained from Merck. The fresh leaves of O. basilicum were collected from the Al-Karak area, Jordan, and taxonomically identified by the Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mu'tah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.

Alshahateet S.F., Altarawneh R.M., Al-Tawarh W.M., Al-Trawneh S.A., Al-Taweel S., Azzaoui K., Merzouki M., Sabbahi R., Hammouti B., Hanbali G, & Jodeh S. (2024). Catalytic green synthesis of Tin(IV) oxide nanoparticles for phenolic compounds removal and molecular docking with EGFR tyrosine kinase. Scientific Reports, 14, 6519.

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Polyamide 6 Polymer Characterization

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Polyamide 6 polymer, with the linear formula of [–NH(CH₂)₅CO–]_n, used in this work, was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich with a density of 1.084 g/mL at the temperature of 25 °C and the glass transition temperature of 47 °C. DR1 dye, formic acid (HCOOH), and ethanol (C₂H₆O) as solvents and dimethylformamide (DMF) were obtained from Merck. The water used in this work was distilled water.

Yari M.R., Zakerhamidi M.S, & Ghomi H. (2023). Plasma immobilization of azobenzene dye on polyamide 6 polymer. Scientific Reports, 13, 983.

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