Clay (kaolinite) was characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) performed on a Bruker D-5000 diffractometer with a Cu Kα source. FTIR spectra of kaolinite particles were obtained using a Thermo Scientific IS50 spectrophotometer equipped with a Ge internal reflective element (IRE). Surface areas were determined from a seven-point N2-BET isotherm using a Quantachrome Autosorb1 surface area analyzer. Particle dimensions were obtained from single particle analysis with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Particle size was determined from the analysis of approximately 300 particles.
Is50 spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
The IS50 spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed for the measurement of absorption or transmission of light by samples. It allows users to determine the concentration of substances in a sample by measuring the absorption of light at specific wavelengths.
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4 protocols using is50 spectrophotometer
1
Characterization of Kaolinite Clay
2
Characterization of AZO Seed Films
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The surface morphology and root mean square (RMS) roughness of the AZO seed films were investigated by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Asylum Research MFP-3D-SA). X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS, TSC K-Alpha, AlKa) was adopted to investigate the elemental states of Zn and Al. The concentration of Al was determined by using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES, Perkin-Elmer, Optima 2100DV. The morphology of the composite films was observed in a scanning electron microscope (E-SEM; Quanta 250, FEG) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; Tecnai G2). Crystal properties of the AZO seed layer film and films were characterized by grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) using Cu-Kα radiation of 0.15406 nm. The fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) were recorded using a Thermo Fisher IS 50 spectrophotometer in the wave number range of 0–4000 cm−1 at room temperature. WCA measurement was carried out with a CA101 contact angle goniometer using a 4-μL water droplet.
3
Comprehensive Material Characterization Protocol
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done by an ULTIMA IV X-ray diffractometer (Manufactured by Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) in a continuous 2Theta/Theta scanning mode at a current of 40 mA in the scanning range of 5–90°. The morphology of the GTW and PANI/GO@GTW were recorded on a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (JEOL-JSM7600F, Tokyo, Japan). The FTIR spectrum of GTW and PANI/GO@GTW before and after Br− were analyzed on a Thermo Is50 spectrophotometer. In addition, X-ray Photoelectron spectroscopic analysis (XPS was performed on a Specs GmbH (Specs GmbH, Berlin, Germany) X-ray Photoelectron spectrophotometer. The chemical analysis of anions in the groundwater samples before and after adsorption was done using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP) and Ion Chromatographer (IC) analysis. The ICP used was supplied by Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA, model: 720 ICP-OES Axial. The IC used was provided by Metrohm, model: 850 Professional IC, Herisau, Switzerland.
4
Characterization of Peptide Films via Spectroscopy
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UV-Vis absorption measurements were carried out on a Varian Cary 100 (Varian Inc., Palo Alto, CA) spectrophotometer. Steady-state fluorescence experiments were performed on a SPEX Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorimeter (Jobin Yvon-SPEX, Edison, NJ) operating in the single photon counting (SPC) mode. Fluorescence measurements on peptide LB films were carried out on a quartz support fixed on a rotating holder placed at 45 degrees with respect to the excitation beam in order to minimize diffuse light contamination.
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of peptide films obtained by LB deposition were measured on a Thermo Fisher iS50 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Madison, WI) in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode using a ZnSe cell. Each spectrum was recorded mediating over 128 scans with a resolution of 2 cm -1 . Deconvolution of the FTIR-ATR spectra in the amide I and amide II (1800-1500 cm -1 ) regions was carried out by using the OMNIC software. Optimizations of peak position and full width at half height (FWHH) of the IR absorption bands were performed by the Fletcher-Powell-McCormick algorithm. 26
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectra of peptide films obtained by LB deposition were measured on a Thermo Fisher iS50 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Co., Madison, WI) in the attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode using a ZnSe cell. Each spectrum was recorded mediating over 128 scans with a resolution of 2 cm -1 . Deconvolution of the FTIR-ATR spectra in the amide I and amide II (1800-1500 cm -1 ) regions was carried out by using the OMNIC software. Optimizations of peak position and full width at half height (FWHH) of the IR absorption bands were performed by the Fletcher-Powell-McCormick algorithm. 26
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