Supro max 5010

Textured vegetable protein (TVP, SUPRO^® MAX 5050 and SUPRO^® MAX 5010, DuPont Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea), binder (GRINDSTED^® Meatline 2714, DuPont Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea), and SPI (ESfood, Gangwon, Republic of Korea) were used to fabricate the meat analogs. Textured vegetable protein (TVP) contains SPI (55–60%), wheat gluten (40–45%), and wheat starch. The binder was a mixture of egg-white powder, glucose, soy protein, locust bean gum, carrageenan, and guar gum. Canola oil (Sajohaepyo Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea), Tween 80^® (Daejung Chemicals & Materials, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea) was used to fabricate the emulsion. All other chemical reagents were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.

Textured vegetable protein (TVP, SUPRO^® MAX 5050 and SUPRO^® MAX 5010, DuPont Korea, Seoul, Korea) and binder (GRINDSTED^® Meatline 2714, DuPont Korea, Seoul, Korea) were selected as the meat analogue base. Textured vegetable protein (TVP) contains 55%–60% of SPI, 40%–45% of wheat gluten and wheat starch. Furthermore, the binder is a mixture of egg white powder, glucose, soy protein, locust bean gum, carrageenan and guar gum (supplied information by DuPont Korea). SPI (90% of protein on a dry matter basis, Avention, Incheon, Korea) and lecithin (from soybean, Samchun, Seoul, Korea) were used as emulsifiers. Canola oil was purchased from Samchun (Seoul, Korea).

Soy protein isolate (SPI, Avention, Incheon, Republic of Korea), textured vegetable protein (TVP, Supromax 5050^®, and Supromax 5010^®, DuPont Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea), and binder (Meatline^® 2714, Danisco, Copenhagen, Denmark) were used as a base for the meat analog. SPI contains 90% protein on a dry matter basis. TVP contains 55–60% SPI and 40–45% wheat gluten and wheat starch. Furthermore, the binder is a mixture of egg white powder, glucose, soy protein, locust bean gum, carrageenan, and guar gum (supplied information by DuPont Korea). The meat analog was produced by adding palm oil (Lottefoods, Cheonan, Republic of Korea), orange oil (Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA), castor oil (Daejung Chemicals, Siheung, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea), shortening (Hain Celestial Group, Inc., Lake Success, NY, USA), and margarine (Ottogi, Anyang, Republic of Korea) to the base. All the oils were purchased at the local store.