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22 protocols using cucl2

1

Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Susceptibility of K. pneumoniae

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The antibiotic susceptibility of K. pneumoniae strains was examined according to the method issued by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, M100-S28, 2018). Antimicrobial agents included CHL (30 μg), CIP (5 μg), gentamicin (GEN, 10 μg), IPM (10 μg), kanamycin (KAN, 30 μg), meropenem (MEM, 10 μg), norfloxacin (NOR, 10 μg), SXT (23.75 μg sulphamethoxazole-1.25 μg trimethoprim), and TET (30 μg) (Oxoid, Basingstoke, UK). The MDR phenotype was defined when a strain was resistant to two or more antimicrobial agents. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of eight heavy metals were determined using broth dilution testing (microdilution) [33 (link),34 (link),42 (link)]. CdCl2, CrCl3, CuCl2, HgCl2, MnCl2, NiCl2, PbCl2, and ZnCl2 were purchased from the Sinopharm (Shanghai, China). K. pneumoniae ATCC13883 and E. coli K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) were used as quality-control strains.
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2

Antimicrobial and Heavy Metal Resistance in Vibrio cholerae

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V. cholerae isolates were measured for in vitro susceptibility to ten antimicrobial agents (Oxoid, UK) according to the method described previously (Hu and Chen 2016 (link); Tang et al. 2014 (link)). Ten antimicrobial agents were AMP, CHL, KAN, RIF, SPT, STR, TET, TM, and sulfamethoxazole plus trimethoprim (SXT). Tolerance of V. cholerae isolates to eight heavy metals NiCl2, CrCl3, CdCl2, PbCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2, and HgCl2 (Analytical Reagent, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China) was also determined according to the method described previously (Hu and Chen 2016 (link)). Escherichia coli strains ATCC25922 and K12 (Institute of Industrial Microbiology, Shanghai, China) were used as quality control strains in antibiotic and heavy metal resistance tests, respectively (Matyar 2012 (link); Song et al. 2013 (link)).
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3

Polysulfone Membrane for Dye Removal

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The polysulfone (PSF) ultrafiltration (UF) substrate, with a MWCO of 30 kDa, were provided by Pureach Tech Ltd (Beijing, China). Polyethyleneimine (PEI, MW: 70 000 Da, 50 wt%), trimesoyl chloride (TMC, 98.0%), and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC, 98.0%) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd., China. n-Hexane and all inorganic electrolytes with AR grade, including ZnCl2, MgCl2, CaCl2, CuCl2, MgSO4, NaCl, and Na2SO4, were purchased from SINOPHARM, China. The dyes, including cationic red X-GTL, rhodamine B, cationic gold yellow X-GL, and reactive brilliant blue KN-R, were obtained from Tianjin Longshengxiang Science and Technology Ltd., China. Fig. 1 shows the molecular structures of different dyes. Milli-Q water was used for the preparation and the permeation tests. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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4

Electrochemical Characterization of Inorganic Salts

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Perchloric acid (70%), anhydrous ethanol, and 10 different inorganic salts [NaCl, MgCl2, Al(NO3)3, KCl, CaCl2, CrCl3, FeCl3, CuCl2, CsCl, and KI] were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (analytical grade) and used without further purification. Silver wire (0.25 mm in diameter, 99.9985%) and two types of gold wires (1 mm in diameter, 99.99%; 0.25 mm in diameter, 99.999%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Copper foil (polycrystalline) was purchased from Hefei Kejing Materials Technology Co. Ltd. The ultrapure water was used throughout the experiment.
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5

Oligonucleotides Synthesis and Purification

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The synthetic oligonucleotides DNA purified by PAGE was obtained from Shanghai Sangon Biological Engineering Technology & Services Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). SYBR Green I was purchased from Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Melamine, lactose, glucose, sucrose, CaCl2, CuCl2, FeCl3, KCl, MgCl2, MnCl2, vitamin B2 and vitamin C were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Exonuclease I was purchased from Takara Biotechnology Co. Ltd. (Dalian, China). All chemicals were analytical reagent. The water used was purified by Millipore (Burlington, MA, USA) Milli-Q (18 MΩ/cm). Stock solution of oligonucleotides (100 μM) was prepared by deionized water. Before used, the oligonucleotides solution was diluted to the required concentration with deionized water.
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6

Functional Nanomaterial-enhanced Ultrafiltration Membranes

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Polyethersulfone (PES) capillary ultrafiltration (UF) membranes with three channels (pure water permeability 161 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) were self-made and used as the substrate. Piperazine (PIP, GR) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Trimesoyl chloride (TMC, ≥98%) was purchased from Qingdao Benzo Chemical Co., China. Carboxyl-functionalized MWCNTs (purity > 95 wt%, –COOH content 3.86%, and outer diameter < 8 nm) were purchased from Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co. Ltd. Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM, G4, Mw = 14 215 g mol−1, diameter = 4.4 nm) were provided by Weihai CY Dendrimer Technology Co., Ltd, China. N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC HCl) were purchased from Aladdin Reagent Company (Shanghai, China) and used directly. Hexane, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, sucrose, PEG 400, PEG 600, HCl (33.6–38.6%), HNO3 (65%), and salts including Na2SO4, MgSO4, MgCl2, NaCl, Fe2(SO4)3, FeCl3, CuCl2, CuSO4, Cu(NO3), and Pb(NO3)2 were of analytical grade and provided from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. (China).
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7

Antimicrobial Susceptibility of V. parahaemolyticus

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V. parahaemolyticus strains were measured for in vitro susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents and heavy metals according to the methods described previously (Song et al., 2013 (link)). The heavy metals used in this study included: NiCl2, CrCl3, CdCl2, PbCl2, CuCl2, ZnCl2, MnCl2 and HgCl2 (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China).
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of S,N-Doped Carbon Dots

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Bean and onion were purchased
from the local market. Na2CO3, HgCl2, FeCl3, FeSO4, CuCl2, AgNO3, MgCl2, AlCl3, Pb(NO3)2, CrCl3, CdCl2, CoCl2, ZnCl2, and KCl were received from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Company.
Fetal bovine serum (FBS, 10%) was received from Shanghai Life iLab
Biotechnology Co., Ltd. cck-8 was received from Dojindo Molecular
Technologies, Inc., Shanghai. LysoTracker Deep Red (635 nm excitation)
and Cell Mask Orange plasma membrane stain (561 nm excitation) were
received from Thermo Fisher.
UV-3600 double beam ultraviolet
spectrophotometry (Shimadzu, Japan) was employed for absorbance spectra
detection. The morphology and lattice of the S,N/CDs were recorded
by transmission electron microscopy (TEM, JEM-2100F). FT-IR spectrometer
(Thermo Nicolet Corporation) and ESCALAB 250 X-ray photoelectron spectrometer
were employed for functional groups and elemental analysis. All of
the fluorescence analyses were performed on F-7000 Spectrofluorometer
(Hitachi). X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra was obtained using Rigaku
MiniFlex 600 with a Cu Kα radiation source. The optical density
(OD) of each well at 450 nm was recorded on a Microplate Reader (Molecular
Devices, SpectraMax iD3). Laser scanning confocal microscope (Olympus,
FV3000, Japan) was used for relative cell imaging.
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9

Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks

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Melamine, Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, HgCl2, CaCl2, NaCl, FeCl2, FeCl3, KCl, MnCl2·4H2O, Li(CH3COO)2, SnCl2, CoCl2·6H2O, AgNO3, CuCl2, Ni(NO3)2·6H2O were ordered from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2-methylimidazole (Hmim), dimethylformamide (DMF), ethanol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All the other chemicals were analytical pure grade or better quality. Deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm−1) produced by a Milli-Q system (Bedford, MA) was used throughout.
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10

Enzymatic Assay Protocol for Trypsin

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Trypsin
from bovine pancreas was obtained
from Aladdin Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). CuSO4·5H2O was purchased from Shanghai Bodi Chemical Co., Ltd (Shanghai,
China). HgCl2, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2,
MnCl2, CoCl2, BaCl2, CuCl2, NiCl2, FeCl2, FeCl3, and AlCl3 were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
(Shanghai, China). l-Tryptophan (l-Trp), l-proline (l-Pro), l-tyrosine (l-Tyr), l-histidine (l-His), l-threonine (l-Thr), and l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) were purchased
from Shanghai Sangon Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China).
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