The investigators, enumerators, and study participants were blinded from knowing the intervention group allocation throughout the study and during data collection. The participants were interviewed face-to-face by well-trained enumerators to collect the required information, such as sociodemographic factors and self-reported medical history using a standardized questionnaire. Meanwhile, the participants’ height, weight, and circumference of the waist and hip were measured using a SECA 206 portable body meter (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), Tanita digital lithium weighing scale (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) and Lufkin tape, respectively [16 (link),17 (link)]. The body mass index (BMI) of the participants was then calculated by using the formula “body weight (kg)/height (m)2. Meanwhile, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was taken twice using an automatic digital blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto, Japan) to obtain the average reading.
Automatic digital blood pressure monitor
Manufactured by Omron
Sourced in Japan
The Automatic Digital Blood Pressure Monitor is a device designed to measure and display a person's systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as their pulse rate. It operates automatically and digitally displays the measured values.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
8 protocols using automatic digital blood pressure monitor
1
Blinded Anthropometric and Blood Pressure Measurement Protocol
2
Comprehensive Body Composition and Health Metrics
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The height, weight and the circumference of the waist, hip and calf were measured using a SECA 206 portable body meter (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), Tanita digital lithium weighing scale (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan) and Lufkin tape respectively, as reported earlier [11 (link)]. The body mass index (BMI) of participants were then calculated by using the formula “body weight (kg)/height (m)2. The fat-free mass, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass and percentage of body fat were measured by using the InBody S10 body composition analyzer (Biospace Co. Ltd, Korea). Meanwhile, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure was taken twice using an automatic digital blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto, Japan) to obtain the average reading.
3
Comprehensive Anthropometric and Body Composition Evaluation
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The body height and weight were measured using a portable SECA 206 portable body meter (Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and Tanita digital lithium weighing scale (Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). Then, the body mass index (BMI) was computed by using the formula “body weight (kg)/height (m)2 ”. The waist, hip and calf circumferences were measured using Lufkin tape, and the readings were taken to the nearest 0.1 cm. Body composition (fat mass, fat-free mass, skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage) was analyzed using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis Inbody S10 (Biospace, Seoul, Korea). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured twice consecutively using an automatic digital blood pressure monitor (OMRON, Kyoto, Japan) to get the average reading.
4
Measuring Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure
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Systemic blood pressure was obtained using an OMRON automatic digital blood pressure monitor on the left arm after 10-minute rest using a cuff of appropriate size with the subject in the sitting position. Blood pressure was expressed as systolic and diastolic rate. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg.
5
Occupational Health and Safety Assessment
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A pre-designed pre-tested interview schedule, non-stretchable measuring tape, Digital weighing scale, Digital automatic blood pressure monitor (OMRON), ACCU-CHEK ACTIVE blood glucose meter for measuring Random blood sugar were used to collect data. The checklist was used to evaluate the workplace in terms of occupational health and safety.
6
Comprehensive PLHIV Health Assessment
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We obtained ethical approval for the study from the Institute Ethics Committee. After obtaining informed written consent, we interviewed all the PLHIV at the ART center during their routine visit to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, residence, and education) using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. We assessed behavioral risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol use, and physical activity using the WHO STEPS questionnaire. We measured blood pressure using an OMRON digital automatic blood pressure monitor, using an appropriate size cuff as per JNC-7 guidelines. We extracted information on the history of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia from the patient’s treatment card. We screened those PLHIV who were not evaluated for these conditions during the last 6 months or any time after registration (for those registered within the last 6 months) through the ART center as a routine care process. We also extracted clinical characteristics like ART status, ART duration, and type of ART regimen from the patient treatment card.
7
Comprehensive Metabolic Screening Protocol
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The following diagnostic methods and criteria were used.
Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Overweight was defined as a BMI ≥25 and obese as a BMI ≥30.
Resting blood pressure was measured three times using the Omron digital automatic blood pressure monitor and mean blood pressure was used in the analysis. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure of ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure of ≥90 mmHg or taking anti-hypertensive medications.
Visual acuity was checked and fundus examination through dilated pupils was performed by an experienced optometrist.
Foot sensation was assessed by trained nurses using a 10 g monofilament. Neuropathy (abnormal foot sensation) was defined as a loss of the ability to detect this pressure at one or more anatomic sites on the plantar surface of the foot.
DCA analyser was used to measure HbA1c and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Microalbuminuria was defined as an ACR > 2.5 mg/mmol for men or >3.5 mg/mmol for women.
Cholestech LDX analyser was used to measure blood lipids (total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides).
HbA1c <7.0% (53 mmol/mol)
Blood pressure <130/85 mmHg
Total cholesterol <5.0 mmol/L
HDL cholesterol >1.0 mmol/L
LDL cholesterol <2.5 mmol/L
Triglycerides <2.0 mmol/L
8
Comprehensive Health Measurements
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Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate were measured using a digital automatic blood pressure monitor (Omron) at the time of visit at the Healthcare Center of Hokkaido Information University. For measuring the body weight, body fat percentage, BMI, lean body mass, and muscle mass, we used a dual-frequency body composition analyzer (Tanita).
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