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7 protocols using ab13970

1

Immunofluorescence Characterization of Taste Receptors

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Animals were euthanized and fixed by intracardiac perfusion with a 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Tongues were excised and placed in 30% sucrose solution overnight at 4°C for cryoprotection. Tissues were embedded in OCT compound and sectioned at 30 μm thickness on a cryostat. Sections were washed in PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBST), blocked with 10% donkey serum in PBST, incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, and incubated with fluorescence-tagged secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 2 hours at room temperature. Primary antibodies used were: anti-Sema7A (R&D Systems #AF1835; 1:300 dilution), anti-FLAG (Sigma #F7425; 1:1000 dilution), anti-T1R3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-22458; 1:500 dilution), anti-Car4 (R&D Systems #AF2414; 1:500 dilution), anti-Plcβ2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-206; 1:1000 dilution), anti-GFP (Abcam #ab13970; 1:500 dilution), anti-Nrp1 (R&D Systems #AF566; 1:200 dilution), and anti-PlxnC1 (R&D Systems #AF5375; 1:200 dilution).
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2

Immunostaining Protocol for Mesenteric Vascular Structures

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Mesenteries were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde at room temperature for 2 h and stained as previously described (Stanczuk et al., 2015 (link)). The following primary antibodies were used: mouse anti-α-smooth muscle actin-Cy3 (Sigma-Aldrich, C6198, 1:250), rat anti-endomucin (V.7C7) (Santa Cruz, SC-65495, 1:200), rat anti-CD41-FITC (eBioscience, 11-0411-81, 1:50), rabbit anti-collagen IV (Bio-Rad, 2150-1470, 1:500), chicken anti-GFP (Abcam, ab13970, 1:200), goat anti-neuropilin 2 (R&D Systems, AF567, 1:200), hamster anti-PECAM1 (Millipore, MAB1398Z, 1:1000), rat anti-PECAM1 (BD Pharmingen, 553370, 1:1000), rat anti-PECAM1-AF594 (BioLegend, 102520, 1:100), rabbit anti-human PROX1 (Stanczuk et al., 2015 (link); 1:200), rat anti-TER-119 (eBioscience, 145921, 1:200), rat anti-TER-119-AF647 (BioLegend, 116218, 1:50), goat anti-VE-cadherin (Santa Cruz, SC-6458, 1:200) and anti-podoplanin (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank at the University of Iowa, clone 8.1.1, 1:800). Autofluorescence signal at 550-600 nm wavelength was used for visualization of RBCs. Secondary antibodies conjugated to AF488, AF594, AF647 or Cy3 were from Jackson ImmunoResearch, and all were used at 1:300.
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3

Immunofluorescence Staining Protocol for Tissue Sections

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For both perfused or fresh frozen and post-fixed samples, sections were directly blocked for 1 h with blocking buffer (0.2% Triton-X (Sigma-Aldrich, X100), 3% Donkey serum (Merck, S30) in Tris-buffered saline (TBS, 50 mM Tris–Cl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl), and incubated with the indicated primary antibodies in blocking buffer at 4 °C overnight. The following primary antibodies and dilutions were used: Chicken-anti GFP (1:500, abcam, ab13970), goat anti-SOX2 (1:500, R&D, AF2018) and rabbit anti-Iba1 (1:1,000, Fujifilm Wako, 019–19,741).
Sections were washed 3 times in TBS for 10 min and incubated with secondary antibodies at a concentration of 1:250 (Alexa Fluor 488 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Chicken, JacksonImmuno Research, 703–545-155, and Alexa Fluor 594 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Goat, JacksonImmuno Research 705-585-147) in blocking buffer at least 1 h at room temperature, protected from light. Slides were washed 2 times 10 min with TBS. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (1:5,000, Sigma-Aldrich, D9542) for 5 min. After other 3 washes of 10 min each, slides were mounted using self-made polyvinyl alcohol (PVA, Sigma P8136) mounting medium with 1, 4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane (DABCO, Sigma D27802).
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4

Immunofluorescence Characterization of Taste Receptors

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Animals were euthanized and fixed by intracardiac perfusion with a 4% paraformaldehyde solution. Tongues were excised and placed in 30% sucrose solution overnight at 4°C for cryoprotection. Tissues were embedded in OCT compound and sectioned at 30 μm thickness on a cryostat. Sections were washed in PBS with 0.1% Triton X-100 (PBST), blocked with 10% donkey serum in PBST, incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C, and incubated with fluorescence-tagged secondary antibodies (Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 2 hours at room temperature. Primary antibodies used were: anti-Sema7A (R&D Systems #AF1835; 1:300 dilution), anti-FLAG (Sigma #F7425; 1:1000 dilution), anti-T1R3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-22458; 1:500 dilution), anti-Car4 (R&D Systems #AF2414; 1:500 dilution), anti-Plcβ2 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology #sc-206; 1:1000 dilution), anti-GFP (Abcam #ab13970; 1:500 dilution), anti-Nrp1 (R&D Systems #AF566; 1:200 dilution), and anti-PlxnC1 (R&D Systems #AF5375; 1:200 dilution).
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5

Barrel Cortex Development in Transgenic Mice

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VIPCre x Prox1eGFP (Control and cKO) animals age P4 and P6 were deeply anesthetized before transcardial perfusion with first 1× PBS followed by ice-cold 4% PFA. The brains were dissected and postfixed in ice-cold 4% PFA for 1 h, then cryo-protected in a 30% sucrose solution at 4°C for >24 h. The brains were embedded in OCT using a peel-away mold and stored at −80°C. Coronal 20-μm-think brain sections containing barrel cortex were cut and collected on-slide using a cryostat (Microm International, HM 560 M), and the slides were stored at −80°C until further processing.
The slides were thawed and washed using 1× PBS (3× 5min) before being blocked using 1.5% normal donkey serum (NDS) and 0.05% Triton X-100 in 1× PBS for 1 h. The primary antibodies GFP (chicken anti GFP, Abcam, ab13970) and Prox1 (goat anti Prox1, R&D Systems, AF2727) were both diluted 1:1000 in the blocking solution and left to incubate overnight at 4°C. The next day, the slides were washed (3× 7min) with 1× PBS before applying the secondary antibodies (donkey anti-goat 650, Thermo Fisher Scientific, SA5-10089 and donkey anti-chicken, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, 703-545-155) diluted at 1:1000 in 1× PBS for 2 h. The slides were coverslipped with Fluoromount-G with DAPI (00-4959-52) and imaged using an inverted Leica Microsystems SP8 microscope.
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6

Immunohistochemical Staining of Ocular Tissues

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Globes were enucleated and fixed by emersion (2% formaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline pH 7.5, overnight at 4°C). Fixed globes were then opened with a razor blade and processed through a sucrose gradient prior to embedding in OCT media (cryosections) or dehydrated and embedded in paraffin using an automated tissue processor (Leica). 7 μm cryosections or 5μm paraffin sections were then used for immunostaining using standard methods. Paraffin sections were dewaxed and subjected to heat induced antigen retrieval (10 mM TRIS, 1 mM EDTA, 0.05% Tween20, pH 9, autoclaved 121°C 30 min liquid cycle) prior to staining. For staining, all sections were first blocked and permeabilized (5% donkey serum, 2.5% BSA, 0.5% Triton X100 in TBS, pH 7.5, 1 hr at room temperature) and then incubated overnight with appropriate primary antibodies diluted in additional blocking buffer. Slides were then washed (6 × 5 minutes, 0.05% Tween 20 in TBS, pH 7.5) and incubated for an additional 1hr at room temperature with appropriate Alexafluor-conjugated secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA, USA). Primary antibodies used: Goat anti PODXL, 1:250 (R&D systems AF1556), Goat anti CD31, 1:250 (R&D systems AF3628), Chicken anti GFP 1:5000 (Abcam, AB13970), Goat anti PDGFRB 1:100 (R&D systems AF1042). Slides were mounted and imaged using a Nikon A1R confocal microscope.
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7

Immunohistochemistry of GFP and CaMKIIa

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Mice were euthanized and transcardially perfused with PBS, immediately followed by perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA). Brains were post-fixed overnight in PFA at 4°C and coronally sectioned with a cryostat (Leica) at 40 μm. Brain cryosections were incubated for 16 h at 4°C with primary antibody: anti-GFP (1:1000; Abcam, ab13970) and anti-CaMKIIa (1:500; R&D systems, MAB5584) antibodies in 10 % normal goat serum (NGS) in PBST (PBS, 1% BSA, and 0.5% Triton X-100). The sections were then washed and incubated for 2 hours at room temperature with the secondary Alexa 488 goat anti-chicken (1:400; Invitrogen, A11039) and 568 goat anti-mouse (1:400, Invitrogen, A11031) antibodies in 1% NGS/PBST. Stained sections were washed and DAPI-stained (Invitrogen). All sections were mounted and imaged on either Zeiss AX10 Observer D1 or a Zeiss LSM800 confocal microscope at Johns Hopkins University Microscope Facility.
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