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7 protocols using anti chk1 ps345

1

Synthesis and Antibody Validation for DNA Damage Response

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Hairpin Py–Im polyamides 1 and 2 were synthesized on solid phase Kaiser oxime resin using previously published protocols (18 (link)). Gemcitabine, etoposide, hydroxyurea (HU) and doxorubicin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, as were all other reagents unless otherwise noted.
Antibodies purchased from Santa Cruz Biotech were: mouse anti-PCNA, anti-Chk1, anti-RPA2, anti-Rad17, anti-FANCD2, goat anti-ATR and rat anti-BrdU (CldU cross-reactivity). Antibodies purchased from Bethyl were: rabbit anti-H2AX, anti-MCM2, anti-MCM2pS108 and anti-RPA2pS4/S8. Antibodies purchased from Abcam were: rabbit anti-FANCD2, anti-MCM2pS108, anti-Rad9, anti-RPA2pS33, anti-Chk2 and anti-H2AXpS139. Antibodies purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies were: rabbit anti-ATMpS1981, anti-Rad17pS645, anti-Chk1pS345, anti-Chk1pS317 and anti-Chk1pS296. Rabbit anti-Chk2pT68 was purchased from Millipore. Rabbit anti-ATM was purchased from Calbiochem. Rabbit anti-ATRpT1989 was a gift of Prof. Lee Zou.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Response

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Western blot analyses were performed with anti-γ-H2AX (Millipore), anti-H2AX (Sigma-Aldrich), anti-RAD9 (Santa Cruz or Bethyl), anti-RAD17, anti-RAD1, anti-TopBP1, anti-CLASPIN (Santa Cruz), anti-tubulin, anti-CHK1, anti-CHK1-pS345, and anti-CHK2-pT68 (Cell Signaling Technology) antibodies. The antibodies against the phospho-peptides (pThr292: LQAHSpTPHPDC, pThr313: CAMETpTIGNEG, pSer326: CEGSRVLPSIpS) were raised by MBL (Medical and Biological Laboratories (MBL), Japan). HRP-conjugated antibodies were used as secondary antibodies, the ECL signal was incorporated using a Licor Odyssey Fc imager system, and the quantification was performed with the Image Studio software.
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3

DNA Damage Response Markers Analysis

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Anti-γH2AX (Millipore 05-636), anti-RAD51 (Millipore ABE257), and anti-53BP1 (Novus Biologicals NB100-304) antibodies were used for the immunofluorescence analysis. Anti-CHK1-pS345 (Cell Signalling Technology 2348), anti-XRCC440 (link), anti-RAD51C (Novus Biologicals NB100-177), and anti-tubulin (Sigma, T4026) antibodies were used for the western blot analysis.
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4

Protein Extraction and Mitochondrial Fractionation

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Protein extraction and immunoblotting were performed as previously described [32 (link)]. Mitochondria-cytoplasm fractionation of isolated hepatocytes was executed as detailed [79 (link)]. Antibodies used for immunoblotting include anti-CDK1 (1:1000; ab18; Abcam), anti-CDK2 (1:200; sc-6248; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-CHK1 (1:400; sc-8408; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-CHK1 pS345 (1:500; 2348; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-COX IV (1:500; 4844; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-CYC (1:1000; 4280; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p21Cdkn1a (1:200; sc-6246; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-p53 (1:2000; #9282; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-p53 pS15 (1:2000; #9284; Cell Signaling Technology), anti-TUBB (1:5000; MRB-435P, Covance Antibody Products) and anti-HSP90 (1:5000; 610418; BD Biosciences). Quantification of blots was done using ImageJ software [77 (link)].
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5

Western Blot Analysis of DNA Damage Signaling

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Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membrane. The following antibodies were incubated with membrane: anti-UBQLN1(1:1000, HPA054143, Sigma), anti-RPA70 (1:1000, sc-28304, Santa Cruz), anti-ATR pT1989 (1:1000, GTX128145, GeneTex), anti-CHK1 pS345 (1:1000, 2348T, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-Flag (1:2000, F1804, Sigma Aldrich), anti-GFP (1:2500, ab290, abcam), anti-HA (1:2000, 66006-2-Ig, Proteintech), anti-mCherry (1:1000, 26765-1-AP, Proteintech), anti-GAPDH (1:5000, 60004-1-Ig, Proteintech). And the secondary antibodies are HRP-conjugated anti-rabbit or anti-mouse (KPL, Inc).
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6

Antibodies and Reagents for DNA Damage Response

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The antibodies used in the present work were as follows: anti‐Flag (F3165, Sigma‐Aldrich), anti‐Flag@M2 Affinity Gel(AZ220, Sigma), anti‐TIP60 (sc‐166323, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti‐SENP3 (ab124790, Abcam), anti‐DNA‐PKcs (ab32556, Abcam), anti‐DNA‐PKcs pT2609 (ab97611) and pS2056 (ab18192) (both Abcam), anti‐ATM (sc‐135663, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti‐ATM pS1981 (ab81292, Abcam), anti‐HA (H9658, Sigma), anti‐acetylated‐lysine antibody (9441s, Cell Signaling Technology), anti‐histone H4 (2592) and anti‐CHK2 pT68 (2661) (both Cell Signaling Technology), anti‐H4K16ac (13534s, Cell Signaling Technology), anti‐CHK1 (sc‐8408, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti‐CHK1 pS345 (2348s, Cell Signaling Technology), anti‐CHK2 (ab109413, Abcam), anti‐β‐actin (TA‐09, ZSGB‐BIO), anti‐γH2AX(05‐636, EMD Millipore), Alexa Fluor 488‐labelled Goat Anti‐Mouse IgG(H+L)(A‐21202, Invitrogen), Alexa Fluor 568‐labelled Goat Anti‐ Rabbit IgG(H+L) (A‐11036, Invitrogen). Cisplatin (PHR1624), etoposide (E1383), campathecin (C9911) and mitomycin C (M0503) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich. Annexin V, FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit (AD10) was purchased from DOjindo.
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7

Whole Cell Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Whole cell extracts were obtained by lysing cells in 1% SDS and 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich) and phosphatase inhibitors (Halt phosphatase inhibitor cocktail; ThermoFisher). Viscosity of the samples was reduced by brief sonication. To detect PAR, cell extracts were performed as described previously31 (link). To detect ATM, ATM-pS1981, DNA-PK and DNA-PK-pS2056, cell extracts were prepared as previously described22 (link). Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotted with the following antibodies: anti-actin (MAB1501; Millipore), anti-ATM (ab32420; Abcam), anti-ATM-pS1981 (ab81292; Abcam), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (#9664; Cell Signaling), anti-caspase-9 (#9502; Cell Signaling), anti-Chk1 (sc84081; SantaCruz), anti-Chk1-pS345 (#2348; Cell Signaling), anti-DNA-PK (ab1832; Abcam), anti-DNA-PK-pS2056 (ab18192; Abcam), anti-HIF1α (NB100–449; Novus), anti-PAR (AM80–100UG; Millipore), anti-p53 (#48818; Cell Signaling), anti-p53-pS15 (#9284, Cell Signaling), anti-PARP-1 (#9542; Cell Signaling), anti-TOP1 (ab109374; Abcam), anti-Tubulin (T5168; Sigma-Aldrich), anti-V5 tag (46–0705; Invitrogen). Immunoblotting was revealed by chemiluminescence using ChemiDoc MP System (Bio-Rad). Quantification of protein levels was done with Image Lab software (version 4.1).
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