Partica la 950v2

The chemical compositions of MgO and SF [3 (link)], as determined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF, PANalytical, Almelo, The Netherlands), are listed in Table 1. The particle size distributions of MgO and SF powders [3 (link)], as measured by laser diffraction (Partica LA-950V2, HORIBA, Kyoto, Japan) are presented in Figure 1.

Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR) (Nicolet 6700 FT-IR, Thermo Scientific, USA), laser scattering particle size distribution analysis (Partica LA-950V2, Horiba, Japan), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-2010, Jeol, Japan) were employed for characterization of the synthesized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@C₁₈ particles. Saturated magnetization (M_S) and the hysteresis curve were analyzed using Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) (VSM 7404, Lakeshore Cryotonics, USA). X-Ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were obtained from JDX 3530, Jeol, Japan. The specific surface area (SSA) measurements were performed the Quantachrome® ASiQwin™ -Automated Gas Sorption Data analyser (Autosorb iQ, Quantachrome instrument, USA). The SSA values were calculated using the BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) method. Orbital shaker (Unimax 2010, Heidolph, Germany) was used in the extraction step. A UV–Vis spectrophotometer (UV-1700, Shimadzu, Japan) and a 10-mm path length optical glass micro-cuvette (700 µL internal volume) (Hellma, Germany) were used for measurement of absorbance. Unbranded rectangular magnetic bar (3.7 cm × 6.3 cm × 1.2 cm) with a magnetic flux density of 3200 G was purchased from a local distributor in Bangkok, Thailand.