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11 protocols using il 2 elisa kit

1

Vitamin C Enhances T-Cell IL-2 Production

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Human T cells (5×105/well) were cultured in a 24-well plate
and activated with PMA/ionomycin. Vitamin C was added 2 hours before or 24 hours after activation at a concentration of 500 mM. Culture sup was obtained 36 hours after activation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) for IL-2 was performed using IL-2 ELISA kit (Invitrogen) following the manufacturer's instruction.
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2

Profiling Cytokine Production in Resting T Cells

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To assess cytokine and chemokine production, non-activated T cells (not treated with CD3/28 stimulator or IL-2) were used. For preparing the antibody pre-coated plate, the following antibodies with indicated concentrations were used: anti-CD3 (14-0037-82, Invitrogen; 0.5 μg/mL), anti-CD81 (349502, BioLegend; 5 μg/mL), and anti-CD82 (342102, BioLegend; 5 μg/mL). These antibodies were resuspended in DPBS and coated onto the plate at 4°C, 24 hours before use. For RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), cells were harvested on Day 1. For cytokine analysis and flow cytometry, the cells were harvested on Day 2. To determine the concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the T-cell supernatant, we used the following commercially available ELISA kits: Human IFN-γ ELISA kit (EHIFNG, Invitrogen), TNF-α ELISA kit (KHC3011, Invitrogen), and IL-2 ELISA kit (BMS221, Invitrogen). Additionally, we used the Human XL Cytokine Array (ARY022B, R&D Systems) to assess the concentration of various cytokines in the T-cell supernatant after they were cultured for either 2 or 3 days.
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3

Quantifying Serum IL-2 and IL-15

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Serum was analyzed for IL-2 using an IL-2 ELISA kit (Invitrogen) and for IL-15 using IL-15 High Performance Luminex kit (R&D Systems).
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4

Cytokine Quantification by ELISA

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IL-2 and IFN-γ measurements in the cytotoxicity assay supernatants were analyzed using ELISA per the conditions provided by IFN-γ ELISA kit (Invitrogen) and IL-2 ELISA kit (Invitrogen). In brief, following the incubation period the supernatant was removed and 10-fold diluted into ELISA buffer (provided in the kit) prior to placing 50 μL into the respective well of the included ELISA 96-well plate. IFN-γ and IL-2 production of experimental wells was determined through a standard curve generated from known control sample concentrations.
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5

Jurkat T Cell IL-2 Secretion Assay

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Jurkat T cells were co-stimulated with antibodies against CD3 and CD28 (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) to induce the secretion of IL-2. Briefly, 5 μg/ml anti-CD3 was added to a 96-well plate at 50 μl/well, which was then incubated for 3 h at 37°C and then washed three times with DPBS. Jurkat T cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 105 cells/well. Then, 2 μg/ml anti-CD28 per well (1 μl) was added to the wells, and the plate was incubated for 72 h at 37°C and 5% CO2. The culture supernatant was then collected and diluted 1:3, after which the total amount of IL-2 secreted by Jurkat T cells was measured using an IL-2 ELISA kit (Peprotech) per manufacturer’s instructions.
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6

Induce IL-2 Secretion in Jurkat T Cells

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Jurkat T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ) and anti-CD28 (Peprotech) to induce the secretion of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Briefly, 50 µL/well of anti-CD3 at a concentration of 5 µg/mL was added to a 96-well plate, incubated at 37 °C for 3 h, and washed three times with Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS). Jurkat T cells were seeded at a density of 5 × 105 cells/well. Thereafter 2 µg/mL anti-CD28 was added into each well and cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 °C for 72 h. The culture solution was subsequently collected and diluted 1:3 with DMEM. The total amount of IL-2 secreted by Jurkat T cells was measured using the IL-2 ELISA kit (Peprotech) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

IL-2 Production by Activated T Cells

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A total of 1 × 105 sorted CD4+ Foxp3- CD44lo T cells were added to a 96-well plate with either wells precoated with anti-CD3ε and anti-CD28 or empty wells. After 24 h, the cells were centrifuged to collect the supernatant. An IL-2 ELISA kit (eBiosciences, California, USA) was used to measure the amount of IL-2 in the supernatant.
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8

CD4+ T Cell Activation Modulation

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To stimulate CD4+ T cells, we coated 96-well flat-bottomed plates (Nunc) with anti-CD3ε (2.5 μg/mL) by overnight incubation at 4 °C. CD4+ T cells were negatively isolated with a CD4+ T cell isolation kit (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. CD4+ T cell purity was determined by flow cytometry (CD3+, CD4+ cells >90 % purification). Immediately after cell preparation, CD4+ T cells were added to the coating plate (1 × 105 cells/well). C60-P, C60(OH)36, or NAC was added to the well 30 min before the addition of anti-CD28 (1 μg/mL). After incubation of the cells for 3 days at 37 °C (95 % room air, 5 % CO2), the amount of IL-2 released into an aliquot of culture supernatant was measured with an IL-2 ELISA kit (eBioscience) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
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9

IL2 Quantification in Coculture

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IL2 in supernatants collected from coculture experiments were quantified using an IL2 ELISA kit (eBioscience 88-7024-22). Experiments were performed according to the manufacturers’ instructions.
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10

Comprehensive Characterization of Nanoparticles

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1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectra were recorded on a Bruker AV-300 NMR spectrometer in CDCl3, TFA-d, D2O, or DMSO-d6. The molecular weight was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC, SA). The size distribution of nanoparticles was determined by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) while their zeta potential was measured by a Zeta Potential/BI-90Plus particle size analyzer (Brookhaven Instruments Corporation, USA). The concentration of unloaded IL-2 was quantified by an IL-2 ELISA kit (Thermo Fisher, USA). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained from the JEOL JEM-1011 (Tokyo, Japan). Fluorescence intensity was measured using a microplate reader (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). Histological changes were observed with an optical microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti, Optical Instruments Corporation, Ardmore, PA, USA). Lymphocytes were measured by using flow cytometry (BD FACS Celesta, USA). Using FlowJo software (Becton Dickinson and Company, USA), cell populations were identified and quantified.
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