Ethylenediamine n n n n tetraacetic acid edta

Single-stranded (10-mer) and biotinylated oligonucleotides (10-mer) were purchased from Eurofins Genomics, K.K. (Tokyo, Japan). The chemical reagents, 3,3-dithiodipropionic acid (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan), 1-Ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), and NeutrAvidin (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were used for experiments with DNA. NaCl (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), 2-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan), and Ethylenediamine-N,N,N’,N’-tetraacetic acid (EDTA) (Dojindo Laboratories, Kumamoto, Japan) were used to prepare the buffer solutions. Ultrapure water (Milli-Q) was used in all the experiments.

Biotinylated Sambucus nigra barks lectin was purchased from Vector Laboratory (Burlingame, U.S.A). Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) was purchased from Calbiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). Anti-PB1 antibody was prepared by immunization of rabbit with purified PB1 protein. 4′,6-diamino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and mouse IgG antibody with Alexa Flour 488 were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, U.S.A). Ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EDTA), N-cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid (CAPS) and HEPES buffer solution were purchased from Dojindo (Kumamoto, Japan). Blocking one solution and Tris(hydromethyl) amino methane (Tris-base) were purchased from Nacalai tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Acrylamide, N′,N′-methylene bis(acrylamide) (bis), ammonium persulfate (APS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), paraformaldehyde (PFA) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Co., Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). The details of the other reagents used for the nanoprobe fabrication and the cell probing are described in the previous study (Cho et al., 2014 (link)).

Commercially available products were used as reagents without further purification in this study. Special-grade NaOH (NakaraiTesque, Kyoto, Japan) and HCl (Kanto Chemical, Japan) were used to adjust the pH of reagents and media. Special-grade disodium hydrogen formate heptahydrate (As^V) and arsenic trioxide (As^III) (Wako, Osaka, Japan), sodium cacodylate (DMAA^V) (NacaraiTesque, Kyoto, Japan), and arsenobetaine (AB) (Tri Chemical, Yamanashi, Japan) were used for the modification of culture media, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES; NacalaiTesque, Kyoto, Japan) was used as a buffer reagent in culture media. KH₂PO₄ was purchased from Wako (Osaka, Japan) and ethylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid (EDTA; >98.0%) was obtained from Dojindo, Japan. These reagents were diluted to the desired concentration in ultrapure water. Water was purified using ultrapure water production equipment (arium pro UV, Sartorius StedimBiotech GmbH) with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ.