Anti bace1 5606s

Thioflavin-S was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (T1892). The inhibitor of ubiquitin proteasome system, MG-132 (S, R, S), the inhibitor of Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway, SB431542 and the inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, rapamycin (Sirolimus) were all purchased from Selleck (Houston, TX, USA). MG-132, SB431542 and rapamycin were all dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and added to the medium 1 h before the treatment of brain extracts. Corresponding with the DMSO content of each treatment, DMSO at a final concentration of 0.5% was added in the control groups. The primary antibodies were: mouse anti-Aβ_1–16 (6E10; SIG-39320, Covance, Princeton, NJ, USA), rabbit anti-APP (Ab32136, Abcam, UK), rabbit anti-APP C-terminal fragments (CTF; A8717, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), rabbit anti-β secretase (anti-BACE1; 5606S, Cell Signal, Danvers, MA, USA), mouse anti-β-actin (C4, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), rabbit anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (anti-GFAP; AB5804, Millipore, USA), mouse anti-GFAP (3670S, Cell Signal, Danvers, MA, USA), rabbit anti-ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1 (anti-Iba1; 019-19741, Wako, Japan), mouse anti-t-Tau (Tau-5, Millipore, USA) and rabbit anti-p-Tau (pSer202, Life-Span BioSciences, San Jose, CA, USA).