The tumor, liver, lung, and bone marrow tissues were taken in the same way as above from each group of rats (n=10) on days 0 and 7 to monitor the morphologic change. The tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China). Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was performed according to the common method. Briefly, the samples were dehydrated in a graded series of ethanol solutions, cleared in xylene, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections, stained with H&E, and finally observed under a microscope (BX51, Olympus, Japan).
Paraformaldehyde (pfa)
Manufactured by Yuanye Bio-Technology
Sourced in China
Paraformaldehyde is a white, solid, and crystalline chemical compound used as a laboratory reagent. It is a polymer of formaldehyde, and its primary function is to serve as a fixative and cross-linking agent in various scientific applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Chloral hydrate, by Tianjin Damao (3 mentions)
Dialysis bag, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Lithium bromide, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Aqueous ethanol, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol 6000, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Hematoxylin, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Crystal violet, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Yuanye Bio-Technology (2 mentions)
Paraformaldehyde solution, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
Hplc grade methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Heparin sodium salt, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Chloral hydrate, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Diethyl ether, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Alizarin red, by Yuanye Bio-Technology (1 mentions)
7 protocols using paraformaldehyde (pfa)
1
Tissue Histology Analysis in Rats
2
Nimodipine Formulation Development and Evaluation
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Nimodipine was purchased from Kangmanlin Chemical Industry Co., Ltd (Nanjing, China). Nitrendipine, used as an internal standard, was purchased from the National Institute of Food and Drug Control (Beijing, China). Twenty percent (w/w) aqueous injectable emulsion (long-chain oil: medium-chain oil, 1:1, w/w) was purchased from Baxter Qiaoguang Healthcare Co., Ltd (Guangzhou, China). Nimotop injection (10 mg/50 mL) was purchased from Bayer Pharma AG. PEG400 was obtained from Well Chemical Co., Ltd (Nanjing, China). Five percent glucose solution injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection were purchased from Tianrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China). Two percent 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride, 4% paraformaldehyde solution, and 10% paraformaldehyde were purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Heparin sodium salt, chloral hydrate, diethyl ether, and n-hexane were of AR grade and were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Methanol (HPLC grade) and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were purchased from Thermo Fisher (China) Co., Ltd. All other chemical reagents were of analytical grade or chromatographic grade.
3
Osteogenic Differentiation of Cells
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Casein and trypsin (10,000 U/g) were provided by Green Extraction Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Alpha modification of Eagle's minimum essential medium (α-MEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, USA). β-glycerophosphate, L-ascorbic acid, and methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Paraformaldehyde and alizarin red (0.1%, pH 4.2) were purchased from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). All other chemicals were of the highest grade available commercially.
4
Soybean Isoflavone Aglycones Protocol
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Soybean isoflavone aglycones (61.84%) freeze-dried powder was provided by our research group (Harbin University of Commerce Harbin, China). Estradiol (2 mg) was purchased from Abbott Healthcare Products (Netherlands). Soy isoflavone health product (purity: 16.37%) was purchased from the Zibo Branch of Huaxia Xietong International Medicine Research Institute (Shandong, China). Normal saline (0.9%) was purchased from Shandong Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China). Paraformaldehyde (4%) was purchased from ShangHai YuanYe Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China). Medical alcohol (75%) was purchased from Guilin Lifeng Pharmaceutical Products Co., Ltd. (China). Chloral hydrate was purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (China). Penicillin sodium for injection (4 million units) was purchased from Harbin Pharmaceutical Group Holding Co., Ltd. (China), and the 96 T osteocalcin test kit was purchased from Shanghai Enzyme-linked Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (China).
5
Immunofluorescence Assay for Cell Characterization
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Immunofluorescence assays were performed as follows: cells (1 × 105 cells/well) were seeded into 12-well plates with a round coverslip (Biosharp) and cultured for 12–24 h. The cells were then fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (YuanYe Bio-Technology) for 20 min at room temperature and then permeabilized with 0.5% Triton X-100 (Solarbio) for 15 min at room temperature. Nonspecific antibody binding was blocked by washing the cells with 5% normal goat working serum (Solarbio) for 1 h at room temperature, and the cells were incubated with NKX2.5 antibody (1:200, Abcam), GATA4 antibody (1:100, Proteintech), β-catenin (1:500, Proteintech), and cTnT antibody (1:500, Abcam) overnight at 4 ℃. The secondary antibody (Alexa Fluor 568, Invitrogen) was incubated with the cells at room temperature for 1.5–2 h, and DAPI (1:5000, Beyotime Biotechnology) was added for 10 min to stain the nucleus. Images were acquired using a fluorescence microscope (Carl Zeiss).
6
Silkworm Cocoon-Derived Chitosan Hydrogel
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Cocoons of Bombyx mori (silkworm) were procured from farmers in Xuzhou, Jiangsu. Cs powders (900 000 Da, 95% deacetylated) were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co. Ltd. Alg, sodium carbonate, lithium bromide, acetic acid, aqueous ethanol, polyethylene glycol 6000, dimethyl sulfoxide, cell counting kit (CCK)-8, 4% paraformaldehyde, hematoxylin, eosin, crystal violet, and dialysis bags were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Ethylene dichloride (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were bought from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co. Ltd. Minimum essential medium culture media, fetal bovine serum, and penicillin–streptomycin were bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA). Four-week-old female BALB/c-nu mice were purchased from the Animal Center of East China Normal University. Mice were bred and maintained under specific-pathogen-free conditions. The study was approved by the Hospital Ethical Committee (2019 JS-004, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital), and all methods used in this study were carried out following the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals approved by the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Commercially available human CC cells HCT-116 (1×107 cells/0.1 mL per site) were injected subcutaneously in the left underarm and right inguinal area of mice.
7
Silk-based Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering
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Cocoons of Bombyx mori (silkworm) were provided by the College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University. Chitosan powders with molecular weight about 900 000 Da and 95% degree of deacetylation were purchased from Jiangsu Aoxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Gelatin, sodium carbonate, lithium bromide, acetic acid, aqueous ethanol, polyethylene glycol 6000, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), MTT, 4% paraformaldehyde, hematoxylin, eosin, crystal violet, and dialysis bags were obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Ethylene dichloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were acquired from Adamas Reagent, Ltd. MEM, FBS, and penicillin–streptomycin were bought from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
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