Graphite flakes

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, India, Italy

Graphite flakes are a form of carbon material with a layered crystalline structure. They are primarily composed of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal pattern. Graphite flakes possess high thermal and electrical conductivity, as well as good lubrication properties. These properties make graphite flakes a useful material for various industrial and laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

Potassium permanganate, by Merck Group (13 mentions) Kmno4, by Merck Group (10 mentions) Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (10 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by Merck Group (9 mentions) Sodium nitrate, by Merck Group (7 mentions) Sulfuric acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions) N methyl 2 pyrrolidone, by Merck Group (6 mentions) H2so4, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Sulphuric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Pyrrole, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Potassium permanganate kmno4, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Urea, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ferric chloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions) H3po4, by Merck Group (2 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (2 mentions) N hydroxysuccinimide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Sodium nitrate nano3, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Silver nitrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Hydrogen peroxide, by ITW Reagents (2 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Flake graphite (5 citations) Natural graphite flakes (19 citations) Graphite flake with +100 mesh (2 citations) Graphite powder flakes (2 citations) Graphite flakes (+100 mesh), (3 citations)

84 protocols using graphite flakes

Characterization of Exfoliated Graphite

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Example 6

Additional analysis was performed to compare the parent material graphite flakes (Sigma-Aldrich) with exfoliated material produced from the graphite flakes in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein. The graphite flakes and exfoliated material were characterized by XRD spectroscope. FIG. 10 compares the XRD patterns of the graphite flakes (Sigma Aldrich) used in the Examples with exfoliated material produced in accordance with the techniques disclosed herein. The results indicate that the peak intensity decreased from 400,000 arbitrary units (a.u.) for graphite at 27.1° to 55,000 a.u. for the exfoliated material at 26.6°.

US11821095B2. Compression reactors and methods for electrochemical exfoliation (2023-11-21). ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. [US], The Texas A&M University System [US]. Inventors: Rohan Ashok Hule [US], Micah J. Green [US], Joshua T. Hope [US], Wanmei Sun [US].

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Sustainable Graphite from Ground Nuts

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Ground nuts were taken from the local market of Muzaffarnagar (UP), India. Dry ground nut shells were utilized without any further treatment. All chemicals were used as received and included the following: graphite flakes (Merck), H₂SO₄ (Merck), KMnO₄ (Merck), HNO₃ (Merck), sodium hypochlorite (Himedia, India), aqueous 30 % (H₂O₂)(Rankem, India), NaOH (Rankem, India), HCl(Rankem, India), and phenol (LobaChemie, India)

Kumar N., Kumar B., Gupta H, & Kumar A. (2023). Development and Evaluation of Cellulose/Graphene-Oxide Based Composite for Removing Phenol from Aqueous Solutions. Polymers, 15(3), 572.

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Synthesis of Graphene-based Composite Materials

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CoCl₂·6H₂O, graphite flakes, KMnO₄, KOH, H₂SO₄ (98%), H₃PO₄ (85%), HCl (37%) and H₂O₂ (30%) were obtained from Merck chemical Co. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and carbon black were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Ni foam was purchased from nano-BAZAR Co., Ltd. (Tehran, Iran). All chemicals were used without any further purification and all aqueous solutions were prepared using deionized water.

Rahimi S.A., Norouzi P, & Ganjali M.R. (2018). One-step cathodic electrodeposition of a cobalt hydroxide–graphene nanocomposite and its use as a high performance supercapacitor electrode material. RSC Advances, 8(47), 26818-26827.

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Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Polymer Nanoparticles

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Graphite flakes, phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), copper bromide (CuBr), ε-caprolactone, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were all purchased from Merck Chemical Co. Moreover, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), pyrrole, succinic anhydride, 3-bromo-1-propanol, stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were all purchased from Aldrich. All the chemicals were of analytical grade and used without any purification.

Khoee S, & Sadeghi A. (2019). An NIR-triggered drug release and highly efficient photodynamic therapy from PCL/PNIPAm/porphyrin modified graphene oxide nanoparticles with the Janus morphology. RSC Advances, 9(68), 39780-39792.

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Transferrin Antibody Immobilization Protocol

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Graphite flakes (Bay Carbon), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), sodium nitrate (NaNO₃), and potassium chloride (KCl) were purchased from Merck, Germany. Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH₂PO₄), sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate (Na₂HPO₄), ethanolamine (HOCH₂CH₂NH₂), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) trihydrate (K₄Fe(CN)₆·3H₂O), potassium hexacyanoferrate (III) (K₃Fe(CN)₆), N-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-N’-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) were procured from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Glass substrates with an ITO coating on one side (glass thickness: 1.1 mm; resistivity: 15–20 cm) were bought from Macwin in India. Tf antibody and anti-rabbit IgG peroxidase-labeled secondary antibody were procured from Thermo Scientific. Human holo-transferrin protein was procured from Sigma-Aldrich. All the reagents were synthesized in milli-Q water, with a resistivity of 18 M Ω cm.

Kaur H., Chittineedi P., Bellala R.S., Bellala V.M., Singh S., Kumari R., Chandra P., Pandrangi S.L, & Singh S.P. (2023). Clinically Deployable Bioelectronic Sensing Platform for Ultrasensitive Detection of Transferrin in Serum Sample. Biosensors, 13(3), 406.

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Graphite Flakes Surface Modification

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Graphite flakes (GF), N-benzoyl-N-methylalanine, acetic anhydride, 4-aminothiophenol, silver nitrate, commercial nisin (~2.5% w/w) and solvents were purchased from Merck (Milan, Italy) and used as received.

Neri G., Fazio E., Nostro A., Mineo P.G., Scala A., Rescifina A, & Piperno A. (2021). Shedding Light on the Chemistry and the Properties of Münchnone Functionalized Graphene. Nanomaterials, 11(7), 1629.

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Enzymatic Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Solvents

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Thermomyces lanuginosus solution (Lipozyme^® TL 100L) was from Novozymes (Copenhagen, Denmark). Copper (II) sulfate pentahydrate, sodium acetate and hydrogen peroxide (33%, H₂O₂) were from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Graphite flakes, sodium bicarbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium borohydride, Rhodamine B (RhB), trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,1-dichloroethylene (1,1-DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). HPLC grade acetonitrile, methanol, tetrahydrofurane (THF) and dioxane (98%) were from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Tween-80, dodecyl sulphate sodium (85%), Mercaptoethanol and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).

Losada-Garcia N., Carranza J, & Palomo J.M. (2023). Graphene-TLL-Cu2ONPs Hybrid as Highly Efficient Catalyst for Degradation of Organic Compounds. Nanomaterials, 13(3), 449.

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Extraction and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of T. ornata

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Brown seaweed T. ornata was collected from the Rameswaram‐Mandapam, Ramnad District, and washed thoroughly with tap water to remove epiphytic growth and surface adhering salts. Then shade dried and pulverized. The pulverized seaweed was sieved with a 0.5 mm mesh and kept in a polyethylene bag at 4°C until use.
Methanol, graphite flakes, Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃), potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), hydrogen peroxide solution (H₂O₂) were purchased from Merck (Mumbai). DMSO and MTT reagent were purchased from SRL Chemicals, India. RPMI‐1640 medium, Foetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Himedia India Pvt Ltd.
Cell lines were procured from NCCS, Pune, India, and the cytotoxicity assay was carried out at Lifeteck Research Centre, Chennai, India.

Smita K.M., Abraham L.S., Kumar V.G., Vasantharaja R., Thirugnanasambandam R., Antony A., Govindaraju K, & Velan T.S. (2021). Biosynthesis of reduced graphene oxide using Turbinaria ornata and its cytotoxic effect on MCF‐7 cells. IET Nanobiotechnology, 15(4), 455-464.

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Synthesis of Titanium-Samarium Nanocomposite

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Ti(OCH₂CH₂CH₂CH₃)₄, Sm(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O, Graphite flakes, H₂SO₄, KMnO₄, H₂O₂, and HCl were
obtained from Merck chemicals.

Raja A., Rajasekaran P., Selvakumar K., Arivanandhan M., Asath Bahadur S, & Swaminathan M. (2020). Efficient Photoreduction of Hexavalent Chromium Using the Reduced Graphene Oxide–Sm2MoO6–TiO2 Catalyst under Visible Light Illumination. ACS Omega, 5(12), 6414-6422.

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Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Characterization

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Graphene oxide
(GO) was synthesized using the modified Hummers method
followed by sonication.³¹ Briefly, graphite
flakes (Merck, USA), sodium nitrate, and potassium permanganate (SRL
Chemicals, Mumbai, India) were mixed at a ratio of 2:1:6 in the presence
of concentrated H₂SO₄ in an ice bath (at 0–5
°C). The reaction mixture was diluted by adding distilled water
under vigorous stirring followed by addition of hydrogen peroxide
(30%, v/v; Merck, India) to terminate the reaction. The resulting
mixture was centrifuged at ∼3000g for 10 min,
and the pellet was washed with 10% hydrochloric acid solution to remove
the metal ions followed by repeated washing with distilled water to
get the solution having pH 7. Purified GO was finely dispersed in
distilled water and sonicated for 2–4 h to facilitate the synthesis
of nanoparticulates.

Pramanik N., Ranganathan S., Rao S., Suneet K., Jain S., Rangarajan A, & Jhunjhunwala S. (2019). A Composite of Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Graphene Oxide and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery and Magnetothermal Therapy. ACS Omega, 4(5), 9284-9293.

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