Lactic acid and glucose concentrations were determined with a high-pressure liquid chromatograph (LC-10AVP; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) as described by Babić et al. (14 (link)). Glucose, lactic acid, acetate and ethanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck (St. Louis, MO, USA). H3PO4 (85% by volume; Sigma-Aldrich, Merck) was used to prepare the mobile phase (0.1% by volume H3PO4), and deionised water with conductivity <1 μS was used to prepare the mobile phase and standard solutions. Piston pump (LC-10ADVP) delivered the mobile phase at 0.5 mL/min. Substrate and product were separated using a Supelcogel™ C-610 H (30 cm×7.8 mm, i.d. 9 μm) analytical column with a Supelcogel™ H (5 cm×4.6 mm, i.d. 9 μm) guard column (both supplied by Sigma-Aldrich, Merck), and detected by a refractive index detector (RID-10A; Sigma-Aldrich, Merck). Instructions by Zúñiga et al. (15 (link)) were followed to determine whether L. plantarum O1 was homofermentative or heterofermentative. Briefly, cells of L. plantarum O1 overnight culture were centrifuged (Z206A; Hermle) at 8000×g for 10 min, washed twice with distilled water and resuspended in 0.5 mL of the same solvent. A volume of 0.2 mL of thus prepared suspension was inoculated in HHD broth (Biolife). After incubation at 30 °C for 3 days, strain was identified depending on medium colour (green for homofermentative; blue for heterofermentative).
H3po4
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, Italy, India, Canada, China, Japan, Poland, France
H3PO4 is a chemical compound commonly known as phosphoric acid. It is a colorless, odorless, and dense liquid. H3PO4 is a strong mineral acid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (34 mentions)
H2so4, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (24 mentions)
Kmno4, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
Sulfanilamide, by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (12 mentions)
Ch3cooh, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Potassium chloride (kcl), by Merck Group (10 mentions)
H3bo3, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
K2hpo4, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Kh2po4, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Sodium chloride (nacl), by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Nah2po4, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Na2hpo4, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Na2so4, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Feso4 7h2o, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Zncl2, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
193 protocols using h3po4
1
Lactic Acid Fermentation Analysis Protocol
2
Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Arginase Activity
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100 μl supernatant was collected from 96-well plates with 1∗105 cells (BMDMs/HMDMs) per well. Subsequently, NO production was measured by adding 50 μl Griess reagent (2.5% H3PO4 (Merck), 1% sulfanilamide (Sigma Aldrich), and 0.1% naphtylene diamide dihydrochloride (Sigma Aldrich) in H2O) to 50 μl cell supernatants (1:1) and optical density was measured at 540 nm.
Arginase activity was determined on cell lysates of 5∗104 cells (BMDMs) or 1∗105 cells (HMDMs). Cells were washed with PBS and lysed by incubating for 30 minutes with 100 μl 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma Aldrich), 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5, Sigma Aldrich) supplemented with 1x protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Arginase was activated by adding 3.5 μl of 10 mM MnCl2 (Sigma Aldrich) to 10 μl sample and incubated at 56°C for 10 minutes. Next, samples were incubated with 10 μl 0.5 M L-arginine (pH 9.7, Fluka) for 60 minutes at 37°C. The reaction was stopped by adding 90 μl stop solution (96%H2SO4/85% H3PO4/H2O 1:3:7, Merck) and incubated with 4 μl α-isonitrosopropiophenone (9%, Sigma Aldrich) for 30 minutes at 95°C. Samples were left in the dark to cool down to room temperature until measurement of optical density at 540 nm. Enzymatic activity was calculated by [Urea]∗(total volume∗106)/(tested volume∗Time(incubated at 37°C)∗1000).
Arginase activity was determined on cell lysates of 5∗104 cells (BMDMs) or 1∗105 cells (HMDMs). Cells were washed with PBS and lysed by incubating for 30 minutes with 100 μl 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma Aldrich), 25 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5, Sigma Aldrich) supplemented with 1x protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). Arginase was activated by adding 3.5 μl of 10 mM MnCl2 (Sigma Aldrich) to 10 μl sample and incubated at 56°C for 10 minutes. Next, samples were incubated with 10 μl 0.5 M L-arginine (pH 9.7, Fluka) for 60 minutes at 37°C. The reaction was stopped by adding 90 μl stop solution (96%H2SO4/85% H3PO4/H2O 1:3:7, Merck) and incubated with 4 μl α-isonitrosopropiophenone (9%, Sigma Aldrich) for 30 minutes at 95°C. Samples were left in the dark to cool down to room temperature until measurement of optical density at 540 nm. Enzymatic activity was calculated by [Urea]∗(total volume∗106)/(tested volume∗Time(incubated at 37°C)∗1000).
3
Activated Carbon Synthesis from Lignocellulosic Biomass
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For AC synthesis, 50 g of the prepared SBC powder was mixed with an equal weight (50 g) of H3PO4 (85%, E. Merck, Germany), to achieve a 1 : 1 (H3PO4/LSB) w/w solid-to-liquid ratio. Then, 200 ml of TW was employed to liquefy the prepared blend, which was left uninterrupted at ambient temperature overnight. The permeated sample was poured into a refractory crucible to be activated at 550 °C/2 h in a programmable muffle furnace with a heating rate of 10 °C min−1.40 The produced AC samples were thoroughly washed with 0.1 M NaOH, and then by TW numerous times to remove any trapped H3PO4 residue until the supernatant pH become neutral. After oven drying at 100 °C overnight, the AC sample was ground in mortar and pestle to <3 mm and then tightly packed for the following deployment (Fig. 2 ).
4
Calcium Phosphate Complex Paste for Bone Regeneration
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A mixture containing 16.8 g of CaO, 13.68 mL of 85% H3PO4, 24 mL of distilled water (Ca/P molar ratio = 1.67), and 7.5 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG, average molecular weight of 20,000) was prepared, and its pH value was adjusted to about 8.0 with 1 M NaOH solution. Then, the mixture was mechanically ground using a planetary ball mill (YXQM-2L, MITR, Changsha, China) with a 50 mL zirconia jar and zirconia balls at ambient temperature and at a rotation speed of 250 rpm for 8 h. Then, the pH value of the paste was adjusted to about 3 by using 9 mL of 85% H3PO4. Thereafter, the mixture was ground again for 1 h, and its pH stability was verified. The mixture was dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h. After drying, 24 mL of 6% HP was added, and the mixture was ground again for 1 h to obtain a calcium phosphate complex paste containing HP.
For the control group, the paste only contained PEG, distilled water and HP and was prepared using the same method with the same concentration, and its pH value was also adjusted to 3 with H3PO4.CaO and H3PO4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HP and PEG were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China).
For the control group, the paste only contained PEG, distilled water and HP and was prepared using the same method with the same concentration, and its pH value was also adjusted to 3 with H3PO4.CaO and H3PO4 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HP and PEG were purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China).
5
Butyrate Quantification in Fecal and Serum Samples
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Samples were obtained at week 19 (end of PHAS treatment); 0.5 g of fecal samples were weighed and suspended in 1 ml of pure water and vortexed. The supernatant was filtered (0.45 μM) and acidified with 20 μl of H3PO4 85% (w/v) (Sigma-Aldrich), and vortexed for 5 min. For butyrate extraction, anhydrous diethyl ether (Sigma-Aldrich) was added to the acidified fecal homogenate samples (1:1, v/v), vortexed, and centrifuged for 30 min at 12,000 g at room temperature. The diethyl ether layer (containing butyrate) was transferred to a new glass tube containing sodium sulfate anhydrous to remove the residual water. Finally, the organic phase was placed in a new glass tube for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. A standard curve (1–200 ug/ml) (butyric acid, cat. no. 19215, Sigma-Aldrich) was generated at the beginning of the run.
Serum samples were acidified with 20 μl of H3PO4 85% (w/v) (Sigma-Aldrich), vortexed for 5 min, and incubated on ice for 5 min. The acidified samples were extracted by adding ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), vortexed for 5 min, and then centrifuged for 20 min at 12,000 g at room temperature. Finally, the organic extract (containing butyrate) was carefully removed and transferred into a new glass tube for GC-MS analysis. A standard curve (1–50 ug/ml) was generated at the beginning of the run.
Serum samples were acidified with 20 μl of H3PO4 85% (w/v) (Sigma-Aldrich), vortexed for 5 min, and incubated on ice for 5 min. The acidified samples were extracted by adding ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), vortexed for 5 min, and then centrifuged for 20 min at 12,000 g at room temperature. Finally, the organic extract (containing butyrate) was carefully removed and transferred into a new glass tube for GC-MS analysis. A standard curve (1–50 ug/ml) was generated at the beginning of the run.
6
Electrochemical Sensor for Biomolecules
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Epigallocatechin gallate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). High purity graphite powder, ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), uric acid (UA), potassium ferrocyanide, and potassium ferricyanide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada). Phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was prepared from H3PO4 (0.1 M); the pH range was adjusted to 2.0–5.0 with 0.1 M H3PO4 (Sigma-Aldrich, Canada) with NaOH (Sigma-Aldrich, Canada) solutions 0.1 M and these PBS solutions were used as supporting electrolytes. Green tea was purchased from Hamasaen (Japan). All solutions were prepared with ultra-pure Milli-Q water with a resistivity of 18.2 MΩ cm.
7
Synthesis of Mesoporous Hydroxyapatite Particles
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mesoHAP was synthesized using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) at a stoichiometric molar ratio (Ca/P molar ratio = 1.67) according to the following chemical reaction: 10 Ca(OH)2 + 6 H3PO4 → Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + 18 H2O. To initiate the reaction, 3.86 g of Ca(OH)2 was added in 100 mL of deionized water and heated to 80–85 °C. Subsequently, a stoichiometric amount of 0.3 M H3PO4 was added dropwise at a rate of 3 mL/min. Egg white was added as foaming agents to facilitate adequate pore size and porosity, and the pH was adjusted to 8.5 with NaOH. The mixture was stirred for 2 h and aged for 20 h at 85 °C. The resulting powder was collected, washed with methanol and deionized water, and calcined at 800 °C to remove albumin, resulting in mesoHAP particles.
8
Electrochemical Synthesis of Borates
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All chemicals were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich:
KOH (>85%), H3BO3 (99.9%), H3PO4 (99.99%), and KHCO3 (>95%). Nickel plates and
Pt wires were purchased from Nilaco Corporation. O2 (99.99995%)
gases were used.
KOH (>85%), H3BO3 (99.9%), H3PO4 (99.99%), and KHCO3 (>95%). Nickel plates and
Pt wires were purchased from Nilaco Corporation. O2 (99.99995%)
gases were used.
9
Gelation Dynamics of PVA/H3PO4 Electrolyte
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0.4 mL of PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte solution is dropped onto the hydrophobic silicon wafer at room temperature for the observation of the gelation process. The PVA/H3PO4 electrolyte solution was prepared as follows. 1 g of PVA (Mw ∼95,000 g mol−1, 95% hydrolyzed, Acros) is dissolved in 15 mL of deionized water at 90 °C with vigorous stirring until the solution became transparent. After cooling to room temperature, 0.8 g of H3PO4 (85 wt.% aqueous solution, Aldrich) is added into the solution and stirred for 12 h at room temperature forming a homogeneous solution. For a better observation of the electrolyte solution droplet, the silicon wafer was treated in a 1 wt% toluene solution of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (FAS) for 1 h to make the surface hydrophobic to ensure a proper height (i.e., a larger contact angle) of the drop of electrolyte solution.
10
Analytical Reagents for Spectroscopic Analysis
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All solutions were prepared using purified water from a Barnstead Nanopure system (Thermo Scientific, USA) with a resistivity ≥18.2 MΩ cm. The following analytical grade reagents were purchased from Aldrich and used without further purification: FeSO4·7H2O (≥99.0%); FeCl3 (97%); KOH (≥85%); tetrabutylammonium chloride (≥97.0%); acetone (≥99.9%); amitriptyline (reference standard); melatonin (≥98%); tryptophan (reference standard); H3BO3 (≥99.5%); and H3PO4 (analytical grade). CH3COOH (reference standard) and n-propanol (anhydrous, 99.7%) were purchased from Synth.
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