Antibody against β actin

Culture media and fetal bovine serum were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). Antibodies against cleaved PARP (Asp214) and caspase-7, -8, and -9 were purchased from Cell Signaling (Temecula, CA, USA). The antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Antibody against α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was from Doka (Denmark). Antibody against interleukin 1 beta (IL1-β) and Ki67 were bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA). Antibody against p-ERK1/2 was purchased from R&D (USA). Antibodies against AKT, mTOR, P70S6K, ribosomal protein S6 and their phosphorylated forms, including total protein ERK1/2, as well as peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, were from Cell Signaling Technology (USA). Antibody against β-Actin was from Sigma (USA). Rapamycin was kindly donated by Pfizer Inc (USA).

SW620 human colon cancer cells from the American type culture collection (Rockville, MD, USA) were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Invitrogen Corp, Carlsbad, CA, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS) (GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA), 1 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂. As₄O₆ was obtained from Chonjisan institute (Seoul, Korea). Antibodies against procaspase 3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), β-catenin, DR4, DR5, Bax, Bcl-2, Bid, cyclin B1, XIAP, p21, AKT 1/2/3 (H-136), phospho-Akt (Ser473), ERK, phospho-ERK (E-4), p53 and Beclin 1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against LC3, and Beclin-1, were purchased from PharMingen (San Diego, CA, U.S.A.). Antibodies against phospho-Akt (Thr 308), procaspase 8, procaspase 9, phospho-p38 MAPK, cdc2, JNK, and phospho-JNK were purchased from Cell signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma (Beverly, MA). Peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-rabbit and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin, and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit were purchased from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). All other chemicals not specifically cited here were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).

All Western blot analyses were performed according to the standard Western blot protocols and antibody manufacturers’ instructions. Antibodies for the HCV core protein and VEGF were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK), and antibodies for extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), phosphorylated MEK, and cyclin D1 were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). The antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and that against HIF-1α from EMD Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany). The remaining antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA, USA).

The triple-negative human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was obtained from Korea cell line bank and was sub-cultured with Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium (RPMI) 1640 media (Hyclone, Marlborough, MA, USA) containing 10% of heat-inactivated (v/v) FBS (fetal bovine serum) (GIBCO BRL, Grand Island, NY, USA), 1 mM l-glutamine, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO₂. Antibodies against OCT-3/4, AKT, β-Catenin, ERK ½, ICAM-1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies against CD44, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, were purchased from Abcam. Antibody against β-actin was purchased from Sigma (Beverly, MA, USA). Peroxidase-labeled donkey anti-rabbit and sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin, and an enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) kit were purchased from Amersham (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). All other chemicals not specifically cited here were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA).