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7 protocols using anti bdca2

1

Isolation and Co-culture of pDCs and B Cells

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were purified from healthy blood donor buffy coats or EDTA-blood from SLE patients and healthy donors using Ficoll-Hypaque (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) density-gradient centrifugation. PDCs and B cells were isolated from PBMCs by magnetic bead separation using negative selection (pDC Isolation kit and B cell Isolation kit II; Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Purity of the isolated cell populations was determined by flow cytometry after staining with anti-BDCA2 (Miltenyi Biotec) or anti-CD19 (BD Biosciences) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and was found to be at least 95%. The pDCs and B cells were cultured as previously described with 0.25x105 pDCs and 1x105 B cells in 0.1 ml volumes per well in 96-well plates for 20 hours or 4 to 6 days as indicated, at 37°C with 5% CO2 [17 (link)]. When indicated, affinity purified polyclonal goat anti-BAFF (#AF124) or normal goat IgG antibodies (R&D Systems) were added to the co-cultures of pDCs and B cells at a final concentration of 20 μg/ml at the beginning of the cell culturing.
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2

Comprehensive Immune Cell Profiling

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Freshly prepared PBMCs were used. Subpopulations of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC) were characterized by surface staining with fluorescence labelled anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD5, anti-CD8, anti-CD14, anti-CD16, anti-CD19, anti-CD25, anti-CD27, anti-CD38, anti-CD45RA, anti-CD45RO, anti-CD56 and anti-HLA-DR (BD Bioscience); anti-BDCA1, anti-BDCA2, anti-BDCA3, anti-BDCA4 and anti-slan (Miltenyi Biotec). Negative controls included directly labeled or unlabeled isotype-matched irrelevant antibodies (BD Biosciences). Freshly prepared CSF cells were used directly for FACS analysis. Fluorescence-labeled antibodies for surface staining were used as follows: anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD14, anti-CD16, anti-CD19, anti-CD25, anti-CD27, anti-CD45RA, anti-CD45RO, anti-CD56 and anti-HLA-DR (BD Bioscience); anti-BDCA1 and anti-slan (Miltenyi Biotec). All cells were measured on a LSR-Fortessa (BD Biosciences) and evaluated by FACS-Diva Software (BD Bioscience).
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3

Flow Cytometry Antibody Staining Protocol

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Fluorochrome-conjugated anti-human monoclonal antibodies were obtained from Beckman Coulter (Marseille, France) and anti-BDCA-2 and anti-BDCA-3 from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Six panel matrices for 7- to 9-fluorochrome channels defined and validated by the ONE Study consortium were used based on published results (27 (link)).
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4

Intracellular Cytokine Staining in pDCs

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Fluorescence minus one (FMO) was used to set the marker for positive cells. A baseline fluorescence control was used as a reference to set the fluorescence thresholds for positivity. The results were expressed as the percentage of positive cells or as the mean of fluorescence intensity (MFI) of positive cells. To evaluate the IFN-α and CXCL10 intracellular production, pDCs were firstly surface labelled with anti-BDCA-2 (Miltenyi Biotec; cat. No. 130-113-192) and anti-CD123 (Miltenyi Biotec; cat. No. 130-115-270) fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. Then, pDCs were fixed and permeabilized using the Inside Stain Kit (Miltenyi Biotec; cat. No. 130-090-477) and intracellular staining was performed using the anti-IFN-α (Miltenyi Biotec; cat. No. 130-116-874) and anti-CXCL10 (Biolegend; cat. No. 519504) fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies. Samples were processed on MACS Quant Analyzer 16 (Miltenyi Biotec). Results were analyzed by FlowJo X software (TreeStar Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA).
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5

Quantification of Dendritic Cell Subsets

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Blood samples were obtained before the surgery as well as 24 and 48 hours after the procedure. Mononuclear cells were separated on lymphocyte separation medium – Gradisol L (Aqua Med, Poland) and centrifuged for 20 minutes at 700 × g. Every 107 of mononuclear cells were incubated with 10 µl of FcR – blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) for 5 minutes to avoid non-specific binding and labeled with monoclonal antibodies against following antigens: BDCA-1, BDCA-2, and CD19. After incubation, cells were centrifuged and washed for 5 minutes at 700 × γ in 4 degrees of Celsius. The myeloid dendritic cells: anti – BDCA-1 (CD1c) FITC (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) and anti – CD19 CyChrome (Becton Dickinson, USA). The lymphoid dendritic cells: anti – BDCA-2 (Miltenyi Biotec, Germany) and CD123 PE (Becton Dickinson, USA). The cells were collected using a FACSCalibur flow cytometry (Becton Dickinson, USA) and the phenotypes were analyzed with CellQuest software (Becton Dickinson, USA). For each analysis, 300,000 of events were collected. Cell debris and dead cells were excluded based on scatter signal. The fluorescence-minus-one method or the unstained cell were applied as negative control.
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6

Immunophenotyping of PBMC Subsets

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After blood collection, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared by Ficoll-Hypaque (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) density centrifugation. Subpopulations of T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and antigen-presenting cells (APC) were characterized by surface staining with fluorescence-labeled anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD16, anti-CD14, anti-CD19, anti-CD56 (BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) or anti-BDCA2, and anti-slan (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Negative controls included directly labeled or unlabeled isotype-matched irrelevant antibodies (BD Biosciences). Cells were evaluated on LSR-Fortessa (BD Biosciences).
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7

Isolation and Culture of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells

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Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from HLA-A*0201 healthy donors by Lympholyte-H (Cedarlane Laboratories, Canada) density gradient centrifugation as recommended by the manufacturer. pDCs were negatively selected using Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II (Miltenyi Biotec). Purity of sorted pDCs (85%–95%) was analyzed by staining with anti-BDCA-2 and anti-CD123 monoclonal antibodies (Miltenyi Biotec) by flow cytometry. Purified pDCs were cultured at 5 × 105 cells/mL respectively with 10 ng/mL human recombinant interleukin-3 (rIL-3) in RPMI 1640 (Life Technologies) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (Hyclone), 2 mmol/L l-glutamine (Invitrogen), and antibiotics (penicillin–streptomycin, Life Technologies).
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