Desferrioxamine dfx

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States

Desferrioxamine (DFX) is a hydroxamic acid-based chelating agent developed and manufactured by Merck Group. It functions as a high-affinity iron-binding compound, capable of forming stable complexes with ferric ions (Fe3+). The core purpose of DFX is to facilitate the removal of excess iron from the body.

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Lab products found in correlation

Cobalt chloride cocl2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Humidified oxygen regulated cell culture incubators, by Binder (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Mg132, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Merck Group (1 mentions) 5 aza dc, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Passive lysis buffer (plb), by Promega (1 mentions) Sodium l ascorbate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Dimethyloxalylglycine dmog, by Frontier Scientific (1 mentions) 2 oxoglutarate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Iron 2 sulfate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Cycloheximide (chx), by Merck Group (1 mentions) Hypoxic incubation chamber, by STEMCELL (1 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Dmem f 12 nutrient mixture, by GE Healthcare (1 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Roxadustat fg 4592, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions) Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions) β mercaptoethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Desferrioxamine mesylate (DFX) Desferrioxamine

7 protocols using desferrioxamine dfx

Glioblastoma Cell Culture with Hypoxia and Demethylation

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The U251MG glioblastoma cells (kindly provided by Dr H. Wiendl, Department of Neurology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany) were maintained in DMEM (Invitrogen Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA) supplemented with 10% FBS (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO), Gentamycin at 0.02 mg/ml and Fungizone Amphotericin B at 0.25 μg/ml.
Cells were grown in the appropriate medium with hypoxia-mimicking conditions provided by the presence of desferrioxamine (DFX) (Sigma-Aldrich) at 200 μM and 400 μM [2 (link), 53 (link)]. (Supplementary Figure S1). Experiments combining both hypoxia-mimicking conditions and DNA demethylation were conducted by treating cells with 5-aza-dC (Sigma-Aldrich) at 100 μM during 72 h and then DFX at 400 μM (concentration providing significant HLA-G upregulation) during 24 h.

Yaghi L., Poras I., Simoes R.T., Donadi E.A., Tost J., Daunay A., de Almeida B.S., Carosella E.D, & Moreau P. (2016). Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates the expression of the immune checkpoint HLA-G in glioma cells through hypoxia response element located in exon 2. Oncotarget, 7(39), 63690-63707.

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Cancer Cell Line Cultivation

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Human colon cancer cells HT29, HT29-APC, HT29-β-gal, SW480, and HEK293 were grown in DMEM, and SW620, HCT116, and HCT116-p53−/− were grown in RPMI-1640 medium. The two paired cell lines (HT29-APC and HT29-β-gal; HCT116 and HCT116-p53−/−) were kind gifts from Dr B Volgelstein (Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Baltimore, MD), and the other lines were obtained from ATCC. Media were supplemented with 100 units ml⁻¹ penicillin, 100 mg ml⁻¹ streptomycin and 5% FBS. Cultures were maintained in a humidified incubator at 37 °C with 5% CO₂. For hypoxic conditions, the cells were serum starved for 24 h and then grown at 1% O₂ in a modulator. Alternatively, hypoxia was chemically induced by 100 μM cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) or desferrioxamine (DFX) (Sigma, St Louis, MO, USA).

To S.K., Zeng W.J., Zeng J.Z, & Wong A.S. (2014). Hypoxia triggers a Nur77–β-catenin feed-forward loop to promote the invasive growth of colon cancer cells. British Journal of Cancer, 110(4), 935-945.

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Hypoxia and Metabolic Stress Modeling

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Cells were incubated at 1% oxygen in an INVIVO₂ 300 hypoxia workstation (Ruskinn). Cell extracts for protein and RNA were performed inside the workstation to avoid re-oxygenation. For hypoxia-mimetic conditions, cells were treated with 200 μM desferrioxamine (DFX, Sigma) for 16 h prior to harvest using passive lysis buffer (Promega). MG132 (Merck Biosciences) at 20 μM was added 3 h prior to cell harvesting.

Sun Y., George J, & Rocha S. (2015). Dose-Dependent Effects of Allopurinol on Human Foreskin Fibroblast Cells and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells under Hypoxia. PLoS ONE, 10(4), e0123649.

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Hypoxia Induction and Compound Preparation

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Cycloheximide (CHX; Sigma-Aldrich) was dissolved in ethanol; desferrioxamine (DFX; Sigma-Aldrich), (+)-sodium l-ascorbate (Sigma-Aldrich), 2-oxoglutarate (Sigma-Aldrich), diethyl 2-oxoglutarate (DE-2OG; Sigma-Aldrich) and iron (II) sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich) in H₂O; and dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG; Frontier Scientific, Logan, UT, USA) and FG-4592 (Roxadustat; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA) in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich). Hypoxic incubations were performed using the InvivO₂ 400 humidified cell culture workstation (Baker Ruskinn, Bridgend, South Wales, UK) operated at 0.2% O₂ and 5% CO₂ as described previously [29 (link)] or in humidified oxygen-regulated cell culture incubators (Binder GmbH, Tuttlingen, Germany) operated at 1%–8% O₂ and 5% CO₂. If not otherwise indicated, “normoxia” refers to the standard oxygen concentration in the gas phase within a cell culture incubator at 500 m altitude (18.5% O₂) and “hypoxia” to 0.2% O₂ [30 (link)].

Pickel C., Günter J., Ruiz-Serrano A., Spielmann P., Fabrizio J.A., Wolski W., Peet D.J., Wenger R.H, & Scholz C.C. (2019). Oxygen-dependent bond formation with FIH regulates the activity of the client protein OTUB1. Redox Biology, 26, 101265.

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Cardiomyocyte Hypoxia Protocol

Cited 1 time

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RL14 cells are a commercially available cell line of human fetal ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from non-proliferative primary cultures of human fetal heart tissue (ATCC, Manassas, VA).^{17 (link)–19 (link)} RL14 cells were grown in DMEM/F-12 nutrient mixture (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Logan, UT) supplemented with 12.5% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco, Grand Island, NY) and penicillin-streptomycin (10,000 U/mL; Gibco). Because RL14 cells do not have spontaneous electrical activity or inducible action potentials, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC)-derived CMs (iCell^® CMs) were obtained from Cellular Dynamics International (Madison, WI). iCell^® CMs were seeded and maintained using iCell^® Cardiomyocyte Plating Medium and Maintenance Medium (Cellular Dynamics International). For hypoxic conditions, the cells were cultured in an hypoxic incubation chamber (STEMCELL Technologies, Vancouver, BC) using pre-incubated culture media or were treated with hypoxic-mimetic chemicals, desferrioxamine (DFX) and cobalt chloride (CoCl₂) (Sigma, St. Louis, MO).

Bahler D.W, & Levy R. (1992). Clonal evolution of a follicular lymphoma: evidence for antigen selection.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 89(15), 6770-6774.

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Hypoxia-Induced Cellular Responses: Evaluating Pharmacological Modulators

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Cells were treated with the following compounds dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich)⁵⁶ (link) and the final concentrations indicated: dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG; Frontier Scientific, Logan, UT, USA; 1 mM), FG-4592 (roxadustat; Selleckchem, Houston, TX, USA; 0.1 mM) and dimethyl N-oxalyl-D-phenylalanine (DM-NOFD; Sigma-Aldrich; 1 mM). Desferrioxamine (DFX; Sigma-Aldrich; 0.1 mM) was dissolved in bidistilled water. MG132 (Sigma-Aldrich; 10 μM) was dissolved in ethanol (Sigma-Aldrich). To test the sensitivity of the oxomer against reducing agents, cell lysates were treated with dithiothreitol (DTT; Agilent Technologies) or β-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich).
Incubations in hypoxia were performed using the InvivO₂ 400 humidified cell culture workstation (Baker Ruskinn, Bridgend, South Wales, UK) operated with 0.2% O₂ or 1% O₂, 5% CO₂ at 37 °C as previously described, or in humidified oxygen-regulated cell culture incubators (Binder, Tuttlingen, Germany) operated with 2–8% O₂ and 5% CO₂ at 37 °C.⁵⁷ (link) ”normoxia” refers to the air oxygen level in the gas phase within a humidified cell culture incubator at 500 m altitude (18.5% O₂).⁵⁸ (link)

Volkova Y.L., Jucht A.E., Oechsler N., Krishnankutty R., von Kriegsheim A., Wenger R.H, & Scholz C.C. (2024). Selective Hypoxia-Sensitive Oxomer Formation by FIH Prevents Binding of the NF-κB Inhibitor IκBβ to NF-κB Subunits. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 44(4), 138-148.

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Cytotoxicity Assay with Calcein

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Medium, serum and supplements were purchased from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). Desferrioxamine (DFX) was from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Calcein and its acetoxymethylester (Calcein-AM) were from Molecular Probes (Waltham, MA, USA).

Kobayashi H., Ohyama T., Kitamura-Miyazaki M., Hirota-Takahata Y, & Ando O. (2016). Studies on novel HIF activators, A-503451sII: biological activities of A-503451A. The Journal of antibiotics, 69(10).

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