Triathlon total knee system

All TKA procedures were performed by senior surgeons using an air tourniquet and a medial parapatellar approach under spinal or general anesthesia, at the discretion of the anesthesiologist. The following types of implants were used: cruciate-retaining cemented implant (Vanguard Knee System [Zimmer Biomet, Indiana, USA]); posterior-stabilized cemented implant (Bi-Surface Total Knee System [Kyocera, Kyoto, Japan], NexGen LPS-Flex Knee [Zimmer Biomet, Indiana, USA], Persona [Zimmer Biomet, Indiana, USA], Scorpio NRG [Stryker, Michigan, USA], or Triathlon Total Knee System [Stryker, Michigan, USA]); or a posterior-stabilized cementless implant (Triathlon Total Knee System [Stryker, Michigan, USA]).

All TKAs in this study were carried out by either the senior author, or by fellows under his direct supervision. A tourniquet was used in all cases, spine anesthesia was administered to each patient before incision, and the operative knee was prepared and draped in a conventional sterile fashion. All components were cemented with a conventional technique using antibiotic cement without any patient-specific instrumentation or robotic aide. The implants utilized were beaded periapatite-coated femoral, tibial, and patellar components (Triathlon Total Knee System; Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ).

All operations were performed under general anesthesia in an operating room with laminar flow. The surgical technique and instrumentation were similar in all knees. All operations performed during the study period in both the knee ligament reconstruction and control groups were performed by the same arthroplasty surgeons. A tourniquet was used in all cases, and the operative knee was prepared and draped in a conventional sterile fashion. The implants utilized were beaded periapatite-coated femoral, tibial, and patellar components (Triathlon Total Knee System; Stryker Orthopaedics, Mahwah, NJ).