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19 protocols using recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor gm csf

1

Murine Dendritic Cell Culture Protocol

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The major materials employed in this study were recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (PeproTech, USA), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (PeproTech, USA), RPMI-1640 complete culture medium (supplemented with 10% fetus bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics) (Hyclone, USA), MTT (Sigma, USA), fluorescence-labeled rat anti-mouse monoclonal CD11c, CD80, CD86, CD40, MHC-II, and the IgG isotypes (eBioscience, USA). The major equipment used in this study were a flow cytometer with analyzing software (Beckman, USA), an inverted optical microscope TH4-200 (Olympus, Japan), an incubator HEPA CLASS100 (Thermo, USA), a low-speed bench-top centrifuge BR4 (Jouan, France), a microplate reader (Bio-Rad, USA), nylon columns for isolating splenocytes, and culture dishes.
The experimental animals were C57BL/6 (H-2b) and BALB/c (H-2d) inbred mice, male, 6–8 weeks old, and weighing 18–20 g, purchased from the Animal Center of Xinjiang Medical University. The experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University (Approval Number: IACUC-2015721013).
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2

Murine Dendritic Cell Isolation and Apoptosis Assessment

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The drugs and reagents were purchased from the following companies: APAP (MCE); alanine aminotransferase (ALT/GPT) detection kit (Nanjing Jicheng); protein marker (Cymefield Inc.); Sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) Gel Rapid Configuration Kit (cat#: P0012AC; Beyotime) and RIPA cracking liquid (Beyotime); enhanced chemiluminescence substrate, rabbit anti‐MIF polyclonal antibody (cat#: abs135924; absin), and collagenase 4 (Solebo Technology Co., Ltd.); Prepoll (Shanghai Yisheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), erythrocyte lysate (Zhuoyi Biological Co., Ltd.); anti‐mouse CD45‐PE‐CY7 (BD), anti‐mouse Cd11c‐pe (BD), anti‐mouse‐CD74‐ApC (BD), anti‐mouse‐CD11B‐APC‐CY7 (BD), anti‐mouse‐CD103‐percP (BD), annexin‐v‐FITC/7‐AAD fluorescence double staining apoptosis detection kit (BD) (Elabscience); recombinant murine granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) (cat#: 315‐03), and recombinant murine interleukin (IL‐4) (cat#: 214‐14; Peprotech); standard fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin‐streptomycin mixture (Servicebio); RPMI‐1640 medium (Gibco).
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3

Cloning and Regulation of c-Cbl, IL10, and IL6

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All primary antibodies used in this study including for immunoblot, immunoprecipitation, and ChIP, and second antibodies are listed in table S1. All vectors used in this study are listed in table S2. The mouse gene of c-Cbl was amplified by PCR using full-length cDNA from mouse BMDCs as a template. The PCR products of c-Cbl were inserted into the vector pcDNA6. The promoter of il10 and il6 was amplified by PCR from mouse genomic DNA and then cloned into the PGL3 enhancer vector. The PCR primers for cloning of c-Cbl and the promoter region of il10 and il6 are listed in table S3. His-Ub plasmid was described and provided by P. Wang (Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China) (50 (link)). Hemagglutinin (HA)-RelB, Flag-RelB, and Flag-p65 were described in our previous study (33 (link)).
LPS (L5024), curdlan (C7821), Pam3Cys-Ser-(Lys)4 (Pam3CSK4, 506350), and α-mannans (M7054) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and M-CSF were purchased from PeproTech. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the gene of RelB and c-Abl and the nontargeting control siRNA (NC) were synthesized from GenePharma (Shanghai).
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4

Murine GM-CSF and IL-4 Modulation of Immune Cells

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Recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-4 were purchased from PeproTech (NJ, USA). Rat anti-mouse fluorescence-conjugated CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, Foxp3, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-17, CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and MHC-II (I-A/I-E), as well as their corresponding isotype controls, were purchased from BD PharmingenTM (San Diego, CA, USA). Microbead-conjugated anti-CD11c and LS separation columns were purchased from Miltenyi Biotec (Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Anti-mouse insulin and glucagon monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, US). The lentiviral short hairpin RNA vector (shRNA) Dectin-1-RNAi-GFP was constructed by Shanghai Genechem Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for measurement of INF-γ, IL-10, and IL-17 were purchased from CUSABIO (Wuhan, China), and a kit for measuring tumor growth factor (TGF)-b was purchased from eBioscience. Streptozotocin (STZ), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Histopaque1077 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, CA, USA). Diphenylthiocarbazone (DTZ), acridine orange (AO), propidium iodide (PI), Liberase TL, a blood glucose meter, and blood glucose test strips were purchased from Roche (Basel, Switzerland).
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5

Murine Dendritic Cell Culture Protocol

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JAWS II DC cell line is an immortalized and immature DC cell line derived from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice (ATCC, Manassas, VA). The cells were maintained in alpha-modified minimum essential medium (Sigma, St Louis, MO) supplemented with 20 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), 4 mM L-glutamine, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 μg/ml streptomycin, 50 μg/ml gentamicin (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY) and 5 ng/ml of recombinant murine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF; Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ). The culture medium was replaced with fresh medium every 48 h. The LPS-stimulated DCs model used in this study has been well-characterized in our previous works [14 (link), 21 (link)].
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6

Generating Dendritic Cells from Mouse Bone Marrow

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Eight/nine-week-old female C57BL/6 mice were purchased from Charles River (Lecco, Italy) and housed in IGB “A. Buzzati-Traverso” Animal House Facility under standard pathogen-free conditions abiding institutional guidelines. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were produced from precursors isolated from the bone marrow of C57BL/6 mice by culturing them with 200 U/mL recombinant murine granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (Peprotech, Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) in RPMI 1640 (Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) medium supplemented with 10% FCS, 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 µg/mL streptomycin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate and 50 µM 2-mercaptoethanol. Immature DCs were collected at day 7 of culture and were assayed for dendritic cell phenotype by staining with the monoclonal antibody anti-CD11c-PE-Cy7 (HL3, BD Biosciences).
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7

Murine Macrophage Activation Assay

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RPMI 1640 medium was obtained from Lonza, fetal bovine serum (FBS) from Atlanta Biologicals, glutamine and penicillin-streptomycin from Gibco, and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) from PeproTech. The Syk inhibitor Piceatannol was obtained from Tocris Biosciences, the Malt1 inhibitor Z-VRPR-FMK was from Santa Cruz, the caspase-1 inhibitor ZYVAD-FMK was from APEx Bio, and the Raf-1 inhibitor GW5074 was from Sigma. Nigericin, Red Blood Cell Lysing Buffer, and 2-mercaptoethanol were from Sigma, and curdlan, LPS, and calcein AM were from Invivogen.
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8

Recombinant murine GM-CSF and LPS stimulation

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Recombinant murine Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA). Ultrapure lipopolysaccharid (LPS) from Escherichia coli 0111: B4 was purchased from Invivogen (San Diego, CA, USA). The doses of both molecules were determined based on the recommendations of the manufacturer and/or through our concentration-response studies. Cytokines kits (OptEIA™ ELISA), and antibodies were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA, USA) or BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA).
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9

Generation of CD103+ Dendritic Cells

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CD103+ DCs were induced as previously reported by Mayer et al.44 Bone marrow cells were gathered from the tibia and femur of the mice. Cells were resuspended at 1 × 106 bone marrow cells per 10 cm dish in complete RPMI‐1640 (Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Excell), 1% antibiotic–antimycotic (Sigma), 50 μM β‐mercaptoethanol (Sigma), 20 ng/ml recombinant murine‐granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) (PeproTech), and 100 ng/ml recombinant murine Flt3L (PeproTech). On day 3, after the plate was rotated slightly, remove the nonadhesive cells and collect them by centrifugation, and replace the solution with 5 ml of fresh culture medium. The purity of the isolated cells was analyzed by flow cytometry using anti‐mouse CD11c antibody until harvest on the 15th to 16th day of culture.
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10

Immune Cell Proliferation and Signaling Analysis

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Zymosan A (ZyA; Alfa Aesar), DMSO (Tocris Bioscience), Rapamycin (Adipogen), 6-Diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON; Sigma-Aldrich), Torin1 (Tocris Bioscience), compound 968 (C968; Calbiochem) were purchased. In vitro experiments used the carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) cell proliferation kit (Invitrogen), RPMI 1640 (Wako Pure Chemical Industries), fetal bovine serum (FBS; MP Biomedicals), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Lonza Walkersville), and recombinant murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF; PeproTech). For flow cytometry analysis of myeloid cells, we used FITC-conjugated anti-Gr1 (BD PharMingen), FITC-conjugated anti-Ly6G (BD PharMingen), PerCP-conjugated anti-CD11b (BioLegend), APC-conjugated anti-Ly6C (BioLegend), APC-conjugated anti-CD11c (eBioscience), and PE-conjugated anti-F4/80 (eBioscience). For the flow cytometry analysis of lymphocytes, we used FITC-conjugated anti-CD4 (eBioscience), APC-conjugated anti-Rorγt (eBioscience), PE-conjugated anti-Foxp3 (eBioscience), and 7-AAD Viability Staining Solution (eBioscience). For the Western blotting analysis, anti-phospho-p70 S6 kinase (Thr389) (Cell Signaling, #97596 S), anti-p70 S6 kinase (Cell Signaling, #9202), anti-phospho-Akt (Ser473) (Cell Signaling, #4060), anti-Akt (Cell Signaling, #2920), and anti-β-actin antibodies (Sigma-Aldrich) were purchased.
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