1 1 1 3 3 3 hexafluoro 2 propanol hfp

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone), with an inherent viscosity of 1.7–1.9 dl/g in CHCl₃ at 30°C, was purchased from Lactel Absorbable Polymers (Pelham, AL, USA). Collagen type I, derived from calf skin, was supplied by Elastin Products Co. (Owensville, MO, USA). Both 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) and GA solution (25%) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Genipin was purchased from Wako Chemicals (Richmond, VA, USA). Ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Rockford, IL, USA).

Four distinct peri-implantitis-associated Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria were selected for this study. Pg (ATCC 33277), Fn (ATCC 10953), Pi (ATCC 25611), and Aa (ATCC 33384) were procured from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA).
Poly(DL-lactide) (PLA, inherent viscosity: 0.55–0.75 dL/g in CHCl₃) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL, inherent viscosity: 1.29 dL/g in CHCl₃) were purchased from Lactel Absorbable Polymers (Durect Corporation, Birmingham, AL, USA). Type-B Gelatin (GEL) from bovine skin (bloom no. 225), tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH, molecular weight [Mw] 480.90 g/mol), hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS), formaldehyde, and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA). Brain heart infusion (BHI, Difco Laboratories Inc., Detroit, MI, USA) culture media containing 5 g/L yeast extract (BHI-YE, Difco Laboratories Inc., Detroit, MI, USA) with 5% v/v Vitamin K/hemin (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA, USA) solution was used. Phosphate-buffered saline, ethanol, and blood agar plates supplemented with 5% sheep blood were obtained from Fisher Scientific Company LLC (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA).

Poly(ε-caprolactone) pellets (PCL, M_w = 80,000), gelatine type B from bovine skin (~225 bloom, M_w = 50,000), 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFP), and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO, < 100 nm particle size) were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used as-received. Phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, 1%) was prepared by mixing PBS tablets (MP Biomedicals, Santa Ana, CA, USA) and distilled water. The plastic syringes (5 mL) and 27G dispensing needles were obtained from Becton, Dickson and Company (Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and CML Supply (Lexington, KY, USA), respectively.